College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China.
Food Res Int. 2022 Oct;160:111747. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111747. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
Although β-carotene (BC) exerts beneficial effects on human health, the direct use of this compound as a nutritional supplement is hindered by its low water solubility and oxidation stability. Herein, we develop an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI)-phytosterols (PS) complexes as a delivery system for BC to overcome the above limitations. The rheology and stability of the emulsion were characterized, and the influence of the emulsion on the chemical stability and bioaccessibility of BC was discussed. The results showed that the PSs promoted the adsorption of WPI at the oil-water interface and improved the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the emulsion. The emulsion with a WPI:PS mass ratio of 25:2 (EWPI-PS) featured the highest fraction of interfacial adsorbed protein (88.73 %), excellent stability during 21-day storage at 25 °C. The BC retention rate of EWPI-PS (61.48 %) was significantly higher than that of the emulsion stabilized by WPI only (EWPI, 31.90 %) after 21-day storage at 50 °C. In addition, BC-loaded EWPI-PS showed higher freeze-thaw and thermal stability than BC-loaded EWPI, and a lower free fatty acid release rate and BC bioaccessibility than BC-loaded EWPI in simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments. These results provide a theoretical basis for the WPI-PS complexes-stabilized emulsion as BC delivery system.
尽管β-胡萝卜素（BC）对人体健康有有益的影响，但由于其低水溶性和氧化稳定性，直接将其作为营养补充剂使用受到限制。在此，我们开发了一种由乳清蛋白分离物（WPI）-植物甾醇（PS）复合物稳定的油包水乳液作为 BC 的递送系统，以克服上述限制。对乳液的流变性和稳定性进行了表征，并讨论了乳液对 BC 化学稳定性和生物利用度的影响。结果表明，PS 促进了 WPI 在油水界面的吸附，提高了乳液的粘度和粘弹性。当 WPI:PS 的质量比为 25:2（EWPI-PS）时，乳液具有最高的界面吸附蛋白分数（88.73%），在 25°C 下储存 21 天稳定性良好。在 50°C 下储存 21 天后，EWPI-PS 稳定的 BC 保留率（61.48%）明显高于仅由 WPI 稳定的乳液（EWPI，31.90%）。此外，与负载 BC 的 EWPI 相比，负载 BC 的 EWPI-PS 在模拟胃肠道消化实验中具有更高的冻融和热稳定性、更低的游离脂肪酸释放率和更高的 BC 生物利用度。这些结果为 WPI-PS 复合物稳定的乳液作为 BC 递送系统提供了理论依据。
