Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 4;23(17):10120. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710120.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern as it is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide due to social and economic developments that have led to unhealthy lifestyles, with a considerable impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The management of T2DM, before starting specific therapies, includes cornerstones such as healthy eating, regular exercise and weight loss. Strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to an inverse association with the risk of T2DM onset, as well as an improvement in glycaemic control; in particular, thanks to the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agonists of gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrointestinal hormones able to increase insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia (incretins), have been recently introduced in T2DM therapy, quickly entering the international guidelines. Recent studies have linked the action of EVOO in reducing postprandial glycaemia to the increase in GLP-1 and the reduction of its inactivating protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). In this review, we explore observations regarding the pathophysiological basis of the existence of an enhanced effect between the action of EVOO and incretins and, consequently, try to understand whether there is a rationale for their use in combination for T2DM therapy.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）是一个严重的公共卫生问题，因为它是全球最常见的慢性疾病之一，这是由于社会和经济发展导致不健康的生活方式造成的，这对发病率和死亡率都有相当大的影响。在开始特定治疗之前，T2DM 的管理包括健康饮食、规律运动和减肥等基石。严格遵循地中海饮食（MedDiet）与 T2DM 发病风险呈负相关，以及改善血糖控制有关；特别是由于特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）的摄入。肠道衍生的胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）激动剂，能够响应高血糖增加胰岛素分泌的胃肠激素（肠降血糖素），最近已被引入 T2DM 治疗中，很快就被纳入国际指南。最近的研究将 EVOO 降低餐后血糖的作用与 GLP-1 的增加和其失活蛋白酶二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）的减少联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了关于 EVOO 与肠降血糖素之间存在增强作用的病理生理基础的观察结果，因此，试图了解它们联合用于 T2DM 治疗是否有合理的依据。
