Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 23;19(17):10473. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710473.
Soil erosion is one of the driving factors leading to the land degradation in the black soil region of Northeast China. It is of great significance to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of wind speed there for the study of wind erosion impacts and geomantic erosion. Based on the daily meteorological data of 51 meteorological stations from 2001 to 2020, the interannual variation, seasonal variation, and spatial characteristics of wind speed were analyzed by cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall test method, and Kriging interpolation method. The natural factors affecting wind speed were discussed by using geographic detectors, and the potential effects of wind speed on soil erosion were further analyzed. The results showed that the maximum annual wind speed in the water erosion area of the typical black soil region fluctuated with a decreasing trend. However, the mean annual wind speed demonstrated a decreasing trend before 2014, and then showed increasing trend. The proportion of the meteorological stations with decreasing mean annual wind speed and maximum annual wind speed during years 2001-2020 was 70% and 60%, respectively. The seasonal variation of the mean monthly wind speed and maximum monthly wind speed showed the same trend as Spring > Autumn > Winter > Summer. The spatial variation of the mean annual wind speed and maximum annual wind speed was consistent. According to the results of the geographic detectors, DEM and temperature are the main factors affecting the spatial heterogeneity of the maximum annual wind speed. The area of 'severe' and 'extremely severe' of wind impacts account for 23.4%, and specific concerns should be paid to the areas of Nenjiang, Yilan, Tonghe, and Baoqing, located in the north and east sides of the study area. The results of the article could provide reference for the study of wind-water complex erosion in the water erosion area of the typical black soil region for better soil erosion control and ecological protection.
土壤侵蚀是导致中国东北黑土区土地退化的驱动因素之一。分析该地区风速的时空变化特征对于研究风蚀影响和风水蚀具有重要意义。本研究基于 2001-2020 年 51 个气象站的逐日气象数据，采用累积距平法、Mann-Kendall 检验法和克里金插值法分析了风速的年际变化、季节变化和空间特征。利用地理探测器探讨了影响风速的自然因素，并进一步分析了风速对土壤侵蚀的潜在影响。结果表明：典型黑土区水蚀区最大年风速呈波动式减少趋势，而多年平均风速在 2014 年前呈减少趋势，之后呈增加趋势；2001-2020 年，平均年风速和最大年风速呈减少趋势的气象站比例分别为 70%和 60%。多年平均风速和最大月风速的季节变化趋势均为春季＞秋季＞冬季＞夏季。多年平均风速和最大年风速的空间变化趋势一致。地理探测器的结果表明，DEM 和温度是影响最大年风速空间异质性的主要因素。风速影响的“严重”和“极严重”区占比为 23.4%，应重点关注研究区北部和东部的嫩江、依兰、通河和宝清等地区。本研究结果可为典型黑土区水蚀区水风复合侵蚀研究提供参考，以便更好地进行土壤侵蚀控制和生态保护。
