Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 24;19(17):10538. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710538.
(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries. Dependent-variables included general-anxiety level, and independent-variables included medical problems, COVID-19 infection, age, sex, education, and country-income-level and region. A multilevel-multinomial-logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between dependent, and independent-variables. (3) Results: Of the 6989 respondents, 2964 (42.4%) had normal-anxiety, and 2621 (37.5%), 900 (12.9%) and 504 (7.2%) had mild, moderate and severe-anxiety, respectively. Participants from the African region (AFR) had lower odds of mild, moderate and severe than normal-anxiety compared to those from the Eastern-Mediterranean-region (EMR). Also, participants from lower-middle-income-countries (LMICs) had higher odds of mild and moderate than normal-anxiety compared to those from low-income-countries (LICs). Females, older-adolescents, with medical-problems, suspected-but-not-tested-for-COVID-19, and those with friends/family-infected with COVID-19 had significantly greater odds of different anxiety-levels. (4) Conclusions: One-in-five AYA had moderate to severe-anxiety during the COVID-19-pandemic. There were differences in anxiety-levels among AYAs by region and income-level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions based on nationally-identified priorities.
(1)背景:青少年和年轻人(AYA)容易出现焦虑。本研究评估了 COVID-19 大流行期间 AYA 的焦虑水平;并确定焦虑水平是否与国家收入和地区、社会人口统计学特征以及个人的医疗史有关。(2)方法:一项调查从 25 个国家的参与者那里收集数据。因变量包括一般焦虑水平,自变量包括医疗问题、COVID-19 感染、年龄、性别、教育以及国家收入水平和地区。采用多水平多项逻辑回归分析确定因变量和自变量之间的关系。(3)结果:在 6989 名受访者中,2964 名(42.4%)有正常焦虑,2621 名(37.5%)、900 名(12.9%)和 504 名(7.2%)分别有轻度、中度和重度焦虑。与来自东地中海地区(EMR)的参与者相比,来自非洲地区(AFR)的参与者发生轻度、中度和重度焦虑的可能性较低。此外,与来自低收入国家(LIC)的参与者相比,来自中低收入国家(LMIC)的参与者发生轻度和中度焦虑的可能性更高。女性、年龄较大的青少年、有医疗问题、疑似但未接受 COVID-19 检测、有朋友/家人感染 COVID-19 的参与者,不同焦虑水平的可能性显著更高。(4)结论:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,五分之一的 AYA 患有中度至重度焦虑。AYA 的焦虑水平因地区和收入水平而异,这强调了需要根据国家确定的优先事项,采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施。