Physical Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 3;19(17):11033. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191711033.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Intention for Warm-up among Children and Adolescents Scale (IWCAS). There were four phases and four sets of participants in the development of the IWCAS. In the first phase, the domains of intention were defined, and related components were developed, organized, and validated. In the second phase, 446 elementary and middle school students participated in a pilot study for the first version of the scale, which was revised based on the information obtained. In the third phase, 12 graduates in sports pedagogy served on an expert panel and organized the items into domain areas and developed a second version of the IWCAS. In the final phase, 1322 elementary and middle school students from three k-12 schools completed the revised version of the IWCAS, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Based on the results, the IWCAS was shortened by deleting some items in two domains; this resulted in 11 items of the final version with 3 domains: (1) attitude toward warm-up, (2) subjective norm, and (3) perceived behavioral control that, according to the indices, generate reliable and structurally valid scores. The composite internal consistency for the three domains ranged from 0.74 to 0.85. The researchers hypothesized the IWCAS is a valid and reliable scale, which can be used by P.E. teachers or coaches to evaluate the intention of primary and secondary school students to perform warm-ups.
本研究旨在开发和验证《儿童和青少年热身意向量表》（IWCAS）。该量表的开发共经历了四个阶段和四组参与者。在第一阶段，确定了意向的领域，并开发、组织和验证了相关内容。在第二阶段，446 名小学生和中学生参加了该量表第一版的预试研究，根据获得的信息对量表进行了修订。在第三阶段，12 名体育教育学专业的毕业生组成了专家小组，将项目归入各个领域，并开发了 IWCAS 的第二版。在最后阶段，来自三所 K-12 学校的 1322 名小学生和中学生完成了修订版的 IWCAS，并进行了探索性和验证性因子分析。基于结果，通过删除两个领域中的一些项目，将 IWCAS 缩短；这使得最终版本有 11 个项目，分为 3 个领域：（1）对热身的态度，（2）主观规范，（3）感知行为控制，根据指标，产生可靠和结构有效的分数。三个领域的综合内部一致性在 0.74 到 0.85 之间。研究人员假设 IWCAS 是一个有效且可靠的量表，体育教师或教练可以用它来评估中小学生进行热身的意向。
