Bakalin Vadim A, Klimova Ksenia G, Bakalin Daniil A, Choi Seung Se
Laboratory of Cryptogamic Biota, Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Makovskogo Street 142, 690024 Vladivostok, Russia.
AXiiO Oy Company, Helsinki XR Center, Hämeentie, 135 A, 00560 Helsinki, Finland.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(17):2200. doi: 10.3390/plants11172200.
The long coexistence of various floral elements, landscape diversity, and island isolation led to the formation of the richest Eurasian hemiboreal liverwort flora in the southern Kurils. This land that covers less than 5000 square kilometres and houses 242 species and two varieties of liverworts and hornworts. The flora 'core' is represented by hemiboreal East Asian and boreal circumpolar taxa. Other elements that have noticeable input in the flora formation are cool-temperate East Asian hypoarctomontane circumpolar and arctomontane. The distribution of some species is restricted to the thermal pools near active or dormant volcanoes or volcanic ash deposits; such species generally provide specificity to the flora. Despite the territorial proximity, the climate of each considered island is characterized by features that, in the vast majority of cases, distinguish it from the climate of the neighbouring island. The last circumstance may inspire the difference in the liverwort taxonomic composition of each of the islands. The comparison of the taxonomic composition of district floras in the Amphi-Pacific hemiarctic, boreal, and cool-temperate Asia revealed four main focal centres: East Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island, the southern Sikhote-Alin and the East Manchurian Mountains, the mountains of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and the South Kurils plus northern Hokkaido. The remaining floras involved in the comparison occupy an intermediate position between these four centres.
多种植物元素的长期共存、景观多样性以及岛屿隔离导致了千岛群岛南部形成了欧亚大陆最丰富的亚寒带苔类植物区系。这片面积不足5000平方公里的土地上生长着242种苔类植物和角苔类植物的两个变种。该植物区系的“核心”由亚寒带东亚和寒带环极地类群代表。在植物区系形成过程中具有显著贡献的其他元素包括温带东亚亚北极山地环极地和北极山地类群。一些物种的分布局限于活火山或休眠火山附近的温泉池或火山灰沉积物；这类物种通常赋予了该植物区系独特性。尽管各岛屿在地域上相近，但在绝大多数情况下，每个岛屿的气候都具有区别于相邻岛屿气候的特征。最后这种情况可能导致了每个岛屿苔类植物分类组成的差异。对环太平洋亚北极、寒带和温带亚洲地区植物区系分类组成的比较揭示了四个主要的集中分布中心：堪察加半岛东部和萨哈林岛、锡霍特山脉南部和东满洲山脉、朝鲜半岛南部的山脉以及南千岛群岛加上北海道北部。参与比较的其余植物区系处于这四个中心之间的中间位置。
