Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Physiology, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Sep 3;27(17):5684. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175684.
One of the macronutrients indispensable for plant growth and development is nitrogen (N). It is responsible for starch and storage protein (gliadins and glutenins) biosynthesis and, in consequence, influences kernels' quality and yields. However, applying N-fertilizers increases gluten content in wheat, and it may intensify the risk of developing allergy symptoms in gluten-sensitive individuals. The purpose of our research was to analyse whether and how the elimination of N-fertilizers during the cultivation of wasko.gl- wheat (modified genotype lacking ω-gliadins) changes the secondary structures of gliadin proteins. To this aim, using the FT-Raman technique, we examined flour and gliadin protein extracts obtained from kernels of two winter wheat lines: wasko.gl+ (with a full set of gliadin proteins) and wasko.gl- (without ω-gliadin fraction) cultivated on two different N-fertilization levels-0 and 120 kg N·ha. On the basis of the obtained results, we proved that nitrogen fertilization does not have a major impact on the stability of the secondary structures of gliadin proteins for wasko.gl- wheat line with reduced allergenic properties. Furthermore, the results presented herein suggest the possibility of increasing the stability of glutenin structures as a result of the N-fertilization of wasko.gl- wheat line, which gives hope for its use in the production of wheat articles devoted to people suffering from diseases related to gluten sensitivity.
对于植物的生长和发育而言，氮（N）是一种不可或缺的大量营养素。它负责淀粉和储存蛋白（麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白）的生物合成，因此会影响谷物的品质和产量。然而，施用氮肥会增加小麦中的谷蛋白含量，这可能会增加麸质敏感个体出现过敏症状的风险。我们研究的目的是分析在种植 wasko.gl- 小麦（缺乏 ω-麦醇溶蛋白的改良基因型）时是否以及如何消除氮肥会改变麦醇溶蛋白的二级结构。为此，我们使用 FT-Raman 技术，从两个冬小麦品系的籽粒中提取面粉和麦醇溶蛋白提取物：wasko.gl+（具有完整的麦醇溶蛋白组）和 wasko.gl-（缺乏 ω-麦醇溶蛋白），这两个品系在两种不同的氮肥水平（0 和 120 kg N·ha）下进行种植。基于获得的结果，我们证明了氮肥对减少致敏性的 wasko.gl- 小麦品系中麦醇溶蛋白二级结构的稳定性没有重大影响。此外，本文的结果表明，由于 wasko.gl- 小麦品系的氮施肥，谷蛋白结构的稳定性可能会增加，这为其在生产专门针对患有与麸质敏感性相关疾病的人群的小麦制品方面的应用带来了希望。
