Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia.
Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 24;22(17):6359. doi: 10.3390/s22176359.
The presented study discusses the possible disturbing effects of the electromagnetic field of antennas used in mobile phones or WiFi technologies on the pacemaker in the patient's body. This study aims to obtain information on how the thickness of skin layers (such as the thickness of the hypodermis) can affect the activity of a pacemaker exposed to a high-frequency electromagnetic field. This study describes the computational mathematical analysis and modeling of the heart pacemaker inserted under the skin exposed to various electromagnetic field sources, such as a PIFA antenna and a tuned dipole antenna. The finite integration technique (FIT) for a pacemaker model was implemented within the commercially available CST Microwave simulation software studio. Likewise, the equations that describe the mathematical relationship between the subcutaneous layer thickness and electric field according to different exposures of a tuned dipole and a PIFA antenna are used and applied for training a neural network. The main output of this study is the creation of a mathematical model and a multilayer feedforward neural network, which can show the dependence of the thickness of the hypodermis on the size of the electromagnetic field, from the simulated data from CST Studio.
本研究讨论了移动电话或 WiFi 技术中使用的天线的电磁场对患者体内起搏器可能产生的干扰效应。本研究旨在获取有关皮肤层厚度（如皮下组织厚度）如何影响暴露于高频电磁场的起搏器活动的信息。本研究描述了插入皮下的心脏起搏器在各种电磁场源（如 PIFA 天线和调谐偶极天线）下的计算数学分析和建模。有限积分技术 (FIT) 已应用于商业 CST 微波仿真软件工作室中的起搏器模型。同样，还使用了描述根据调谐偶极天线和 PIFA 天线的不同暴露程度下皮下层厚度与电场之间的数学关系的方程，并将其应用于训练神经网络。本研究的主要成果是创建了一个数学模型和一个多层前馈神经网络，可以根据 CST Studio 的模拟数据显示出皮下组织厚度与电磁场大小之间的关系。
