School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems and Safety Control, Beijing 100191, China.
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems and Safety Control, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beijing 100191, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2022 Nov;177:106826. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106826. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Deploying dedicated lanes for automated vehicles (AVs) can effectively alleviate the coordination issues between AVs and manual vehicles (MVs). However, AV platoons running on dedicated AV lanes (DAVLs) have a prominent collective behavior characteristic of small inter-vehicle distance. The nearby MV drivers' imitation of this characteristic may reduce their car-following time headway (THW). The researchers conducted a simulation experiment to investigate the influence of DAVL assignments, inter-vehicle distances of AV platoons and AV platoon speed on the car-following performance of nearby MV drivers. The data of mean THW, standard deviation of THW, standard deviation of lateral position, standard deviation of velocity, standard deviation of horizontal gaze position and mean saccadic peak velocity were collected from 36 participants. Statistical analysis results show that the three factors considerably affected the MV drivers' car-following performance. In particular, the MV drivers showed a worse car-following safety but a better driving stability when the left lane was dedicated to AVs than when the right lane was dedicated to AVs (Note the experiments were done in a drive-on-the-left environment.). With respect to the inter-vehicle distances of AV platoons, the MV drivers' car-following safety was poorer under the 4 m condition than that under the 10 and 18 m conditions. In addition, the MV drivers showed a poorer car-following safety and bore a larger mental workload when driving next to the AV platoons running at 110 km/h. This study may provide some suggestions for DAVLs. Assigning the right lane of a three-lane motorway as the DAVL may have a slighter negative impact on the nearby MV drivers in China. In terms of traffic management in DAVLs, the inter-vehicle distance of AV platoons can be reduced to 10 m, and the speed of AVs should not be higher than the design speed of adjacent MV lanes.
为自动驾驶汽车（AV）部署专用车道可以有效地缓解 AV 和手动车辆（MV）之间的协调问题。然而，在专用自动驾驶车道（DAVL）上运行的 AV 车队列具有小车间距的显著集体行为特征。附近的 MV 驾驶员对这种特征的模仿可能会减少他们的跟车时间车头时距（THW）。研究人员进行了一项模拟实验，以研究 DAVL 分配、AV 车队列的车间距和 AV 车队列速度对附近 MV 驾驶员跟车性能的影响。从 36 名参与者那里收集了平均 THW、THW 的标准差、横向位置的标准差、速度的标准差、水平注视位置的标准差和平均扫视峰值速度的数据。统计分析结果表明，这三个因素对 MV 驾驶员的跟车性能有很大影响。特别是，当左侧车道专门用于 AV 时，与右侧车道专门用于 AV 相比，MV 驾驶员的跟车安全性较差，但驾驶稳定性较好（注意实验是在左侧行驶环境中进行的）。关于 AV 车队列的车间距，在 4m 条件下，MV 驾驶员的跟车安全性比 10m 和 18m 条件下差。此外，当驾驶在以 110km/h 行驶的 AV 车队列旁边时，MV 驾驶员的跟车安全性较差，精神工作负荷较大。这项研究可能为 DAVL 提供一些建议。在中国，将三车道高速公路的右侧车道指定为 DAVL 可能对附近的 MV 驾驶员的负面影响较小。就 DAVL 中的交通管理而言，可以将 AV 车队列的车间距缩小到 10m，并且 AV 的速度不应高于相邻 MV 车道的设计速度。
