Banks Parker J, Bennett Patrick J, Sekuler Allison B, Gruber Aaron J
Vision and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, North York, ON, Canada.
Front Integr Neurosci. 2022 Aug 23;16:884080. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.884080. eCollection 2022.
When the outcome of a choice is less favorable than expected, humans and animals typically shift to an alternate choice option on subsequent trials. Several lines of evidence indicate that this "lose-shift" responding is an innate sensorimotor response strategy that is normally suppressed by executive function. Therefore, the lose-shift response provides a covert gauge of cognitive control over choice mechanisms. We report here that the spatial position, rather than visual features, of choice targets drives the lose-shift effect. Furthermore, the ability to inhibit lose-shift responding to gain reward is different among male and female habitual cannabis users. Increased self-reported cannabis use was concordant with suppressed response flexibility and an increased tendency to lose-shift in women, which reduced performance in a choice task in which random responding is the optimal strategy. On the other hand, increased cannabis use in men was concordant with reduced reliance on spatial cues during decision-making, and had no impact on the number of correct responses. These data (63,600 trials from 106 participants) provide strong evidence that spatial-motor processing is an important component of economic decision-making, and that its governance by executive systems is different in men and women who use cannabis frequently.
当一个选择的结果比预期的更不理想时，人类和动物通常会在随后的试验中转向另一个选择选项。多条证据表明，这种“输后转换”反应是一种天生的感觉运动反应策略，通常会受到执行功能的抑制。因此，输后转换反应为对选择机制的认知控制提供了一种隐蔽的衡量标准。我们在此报告，选择目标的空间位置而非视觉特征驱动了输后转换效应。此外，在男性和女性习惯性大麻使用者中，抑制输后转换反应以获得奖励的能力存在差异。自我报告的大麻使用量增加与女性反应灵活性的抑制以及输后转换倾向的增加相一致，这降低了在随机反应是最佳策略的选择任务中的表现。另一方面，男性大麻使用量的增加与决策过程中对空间线索的依赖减少相一致，并且对正确反应的数量没有影响。这些数据（来自106名参与者的63600次试验）提供了有力证据，表明空间运动处理是经济决策的一个重要组成部分，并且其在经常使用大麻的男性和女性中由执行系统进行的调控存在差异。
