Rathbone Adam Pattison, Baqir Wasim, Campbell David
Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, United Kingdom.
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2022 Aug 20;7:100173. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100173. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Pharmacists are involved in immunisation programmes for a variety of diseases. However, some patient populations may be considered at high risk of complications from vaccination and are excluded from these programmes. The study aimed to explore pharmacists' roles in a vaccination programme to identify factors that influence their involvement.
Phenomenological qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted online with a convenience sample of pharmacists working in a COVID-19 vaccination centre in January and February 2021, by a single researcher. Recordings of the interviews were transcribed automatically, manually quality checked and thematically analysed using NVivo Version 1 by all authors. Data were repeatedly read to identify what pharmacists did and how they did it.
Seventeen pharmacists were interviewed, and transcript analysis identified 1) What pharmacists did in the Vaccination Centre, 2) Barriers to involvement in the Vaccination Centre and 3) Enablers to being involved in the Vaccination Centre. Key findings indicate pharmacists adopted the roles of information counsellors, supporting patients with vaccine hesitancy, making autonomous prescribing decisions as well as documenting product administration and manipulation. Limited free time at work and desk-based roles for senior pharmacists were barriers to taking on a patient-facing role. National recognition of pharmacists' skills, access to information through official and unofficial networks and a sense of duty, or zeitgeist, enabled pharmacists' to be involved.
Pharmacists can support immunisation for patients during pandemics if given appropriate autonomy and recognition. Further work is needed to explore how pharmacists may be recognised for their work and use information obtained through informal networks.
药剂师参与针对多种疾病的免疫计划。然而，一些患者群体可能被认为有疫苗接种并发症的高风险，因此被排除在这些计划之外。本研究旨在探讨药剂师在疫苗接种计划中的作用，以确定影响他们参与的因素。
2021年1月和2月，由一名研究人员对在新冠疫苗接种中心工作的药剂师进行便利抽样，通过在线方式进行现象学定性半结构化访谈。访谈录音自动转录，人工进行质量检查，所有作者使用NVivo 1版本进行主题分析。反复阅读数据，以确定药剂师做了什么以及他们是如何做的。
对17名药剂师进行了访谈，转录分析确定了：1）药剂师在疫苗接种中心做了什么；2）参与疫苗接种中心的障碍；3）参与疫苗接种中心的促成因素。主要发现表明，药剂师承担了信息顾问的角色，支持有疫苗犹豫情绪的患者，做出自主处方决定，并记录产品的给药和操作情况。工作时间有限以及高级药剂师基于办公桌的工作角色是承担面向患者角色的障碍。药剂师技能得到国家认可、通过官方和非官方网络获取信息以及责任感或时代精神使药剂师能够参与其中。
如果给予药剂师适当的自主权和认可，他们可以在大流行期间为患者提供免疫支持。需要进一步开展工作，以探索如何认可药剂师的工作以及如何利用通过非正式网络获得的信息。
