School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 7RU, UK.
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, NE29 8NH, UK.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Apr;16(4):503-510. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.06.019. Epub 2019 Jun 29.
BACKGROUND: WhatsApp is an instant messaging application that has grown in popularity over the last decade. The literature has focused on the use of WhatsApp in medical, surgical and nursing disciplines, with little work exploring pharmacists' experiences of using WhatsApp to provide services. OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this research was to explore pharmacists' experiences of using WhatsApp to support delivery of out-of-hours pharmacy services. METHODS: A qualitative design was underpinned by a phenomenological philosophy. Focus groups and an extract of the WhatsApp transcript were thematically analysed using NVivo. RESULTS: Over three hundred communication events (1580 messages) were analysed in the WhatsApp transcript. Message type was classified as follows; handover (26%, n = 410), procedural queries (26%, n = 410), laptop location (18%, n = 284), whole staff communication (24%, n = 379), clinical queries (5%, n = 79), and administrative communications (1%, n = 16). A total of five focus groups were conducted between October and November 2017 with 27 participants that included pharmacists with different levels of experience. The findings suggest that WhatsApp improved communication between junior and senior pharmacists, particularly during the global cyber crisis, and provided an opportunity to share best practice. Concerns were raised regarding the encroachment of work activities into personal time. Additionally, the tacit approval by senior pharmacists to group information sharing and solution development, despite the potential for non-active participation, highlighted the issue of collective complicity. CONCLUSIONS: WhatsApp can be a useful platform to support the delivery of out-of-hours services through professional development, improving communication and supporting relationships. This paper demonstrates that service managers must consider multiple ethico-legal and social frameworks when developing or allowing the organic development of such communication methods within healthcare provider organisations.
背景:WhatsApp 是一款即时通讯应用程序,在过去十年中越来越受欢迎。文献主要集中在 WhatsApp 在医学、外科和护理学科中的应用,很少有研究探讨药剂师使用 WhatsApp 提供服务的经验。
目的:本研究旨在探讨药剂师使用 WhatsApp 支持提供非工作时间药房服务的经验。
方法:定性设计以现象学哲学为基础。使用 NVivo 对焦点小组和 WhatsApp 转录本的摘录进行主题分析。
结果:在 WhatsApp 转录本中分析了超过 300 次交流事件(1580 条消息)。消息类型分为以下几类:交接(26%,n=410)、程序查询(26%,n=410)、笔记本电脑位置(18%,n=284)、全体员工通讯(24%,n=379)、临床查询(5%,n=79)和行政通讯(1%,n=16)。2017 年 10 月至 11 月期间共进行了 5 次焦点小组讨论,共有 27 名参与者,包括不同经验水平的药剂师。研究结果表明,WhatsApp 改善了初级和高级药剂师之间的沟通,特别是在全球网络危机期间,为分享最佳实践提供了机会。有人担心工作活动会侵占个人时间。此外,尽管可能存在非活跃参与,但资深药剂师默许进行信息共享和解决方案开发,这突显了集体共谋的问题。
结论:WhatsApp 可以成为支持提供非工作时间服务的有用平台,通过专业发展、改善沟通和支持关系。本文表明,服务经理在开发或允许医疗保健提供者组织内此类沟通方法的有机发展时,必须考虑多个伦理法律和社会框架。
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