Kolarević Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević Margareta, Marić Jovana Jovanović, Djordjević Jelena, Vuković-Gačić Branka, Joksimović Danijela, Martinović Rajko, Bajt Oliver, Ramšak Andreja
University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Mutagenesis. 2023 Feb 3;38(1):3-12. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geac017.
In this study, the possible 'vector effect' within the exposure of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to polystyrene microplastics with adsorbed fluoranthene was investigated by applying the multibiomarker approach. The major focus was placed on genotoxicological endpoints as to our knowledge there are no literature data on the genotoxicity of polystyrene microparticles alone or with adsorbed fluoranthene in the selected experimental organisms. DNA damage was assessed in haemocytes by comet assay and micronucleus test. For the assessment of neurotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in gills. Glutathione S-transferase was assessed in gills and hepatopancreas since these enzymes are induced for biotransformation and excretion of lipophilic compounds such as hydrocarbons. Finally, differences in physiological response within the exposure to polystyrene particles, fluoranthene, or particles with adsorbed fluoranthene were assessed by the variation of heart rate patterns studied by the noninvasive laser fibre-optic method. The uniform response of individual biomarkers within the exposure groups was not recorded. There was no clear pattern in variation of acetylcholinesterase or glutathione S-transferase activity which could be attributed to the treatment. Exposure to polystyrene increased DNA damage which was detected by the comet assay but was not confirmed by micronucleus formation. Data of genotoxicity assays indicated differential responses among the groups exposed to fluoranthene alone and fluoranthene adsorbed to polystyrene. Change in the heart rate patterns within the studied groups supports the concept of the Trojan horse effect within the exposure to polystyrene particles with adsorbed fluoranthene.
在本研究中，通过应用多生物标志物方法，研究了地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）暴露于吸附荧蒽的聚苯乙烯微塑料时可能存在的“载体效应”。主要关注点在于遗传毒理学终点，因为据我们所知，关于单独的聚苯乙烯微粒或吸附荧蒽的聚苯乙烯微粒在所选实验生物中的遗传毒性，尚无文献数据。通过彗星试验和微核试验评估血细胞中的DNA损伤。为评估神经毒性，测量鳃中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。在鳃和肝胰腺中评估谷胱甘肽S -转移酶，因为这些酶可被诱导用于生物转化和排泄亲脂性化合物，如碳氢化合物。最后，通过非侵入性激光光纤法研究心率模式的变化，评估暴露于聚苯乙烯颗粒、荧蒽或吸附荧蒽颗粒时生理反应的差异。未记录暴露组内单个生物标志物的一致反应。乙酰胆碱酯酶或谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性的变化没有明确模式可归因于处理。暴露于聚苯乙烯会增加彗星试验检测到的DNA损伤，但微核形成未证实这一点。遗传毒性试验数据表明，单独暴露于荧蒽和吸附在聚苯乙烯上的荧蒽的组之间存在不同反应。研究组内心率模式的变化支持了暴露于吸附荧蒽的聚苯乙烯颗粒时存在特洛伊木马效应的概念。
