Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Stress Health. 2023 Apr;39(2):460-473. doi: 10.1002/smi.3196. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, people need to cope with multiple stressors which may affect their well-being. This study aimed (1) to identify latent coping profiles in the German general population, and (2) to investigate differences between these profiles in well-being. In total, N = 2326 German participants were recruited as part of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST study from June to September 2020 using an online survey. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief-COPE and the Pandemic Coping Scale; well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Coping profiles were identified using latent profile analysis; differences between profiles were examined using the automatic BCH method and multiple group analyses. Five coping profiles were identified that included different types and numbers of coping strategies: (1) High functional coping (17.84%), (2) Moderate functional coping (40.63%), (3) High functional and religious coping (9.07%), (4) Low functional coping (22.06%), (5) Moderate functional and dysfunctional coping (10.40%). The identified profiles significantly differed in well-being (χ = 503.68, p <0.001). Coping profiles indicating high functional coping were associated with greater well-being compared to coping profiles indicating low (χ = 82.21, p <0.001) or primarily dysfunctional (χ = 354.33, p <0.001) coping. These results provide insight into how people differ in their coping strategies when dealing with stressors in an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study indicates higher levels of well-being in coping profiles with more frequent use of functional strategies. To promote well-being in the general population, it might be beneficial to train functional coping strategies in appropriate interventions that are associated with increased well-being.
在当前的 COVID-19 大流行期间，人们需要应对多种压力源，这些压力源可能会影响他们的幸福感。本研究旨在：(1) 确定德国普通人群中的潜在应对策略模式，以及 (2) 研究这些模式在幸福感方面的差异。共有 2326 名德国参与者作为欧洲创伤应激研究学会（ESTSS）ADJUST 研究的一部分，于 2020 年 6 月至 9 月期间通过在线调查招募。使用Brief-COPE 和大流行应对量表评估应对策略；使用世界卫生组织 5 项幸福感指数评估幸福感。使用潜在剖面分析确定应对策略模式；使用自动 BCH 方法和多组分析检查模式之间的差异。确定了五种应对策略模式，包括不同类型和数量的应对策略：(1) 高功能应对 (17.84%)，(2) 中等功能应对 (40.63%)，(3) 高功能和宗教应对 (9.07%)，(4) 低功能应对 (22.06%)，(5) 中等功能和不良应对 (10.40%)。识别出的模式在幸福感方面存在显著差异 (χ ² = 503.68, p < 0.001)。与低功能 (χ ² = 82.21, p < 0.001) 或主要不良应对 (χ ² = 354.33, p < 0.001) 模式相比，高功能应对模式与更高的幸福感相关。这些结果提供了在 COVID-19 大流行早期应对压力源时，人们在应对策略方面存在差异的见解。研究表明，在更频繁使用功能策略的应对模式中，幸福感水平更高。为了提高普通人群的幸福感，在与幸福感增加相关的适当干预措施中，培训功能应对策略可能是有益的。
