Perry Robin N, Girgulis Jane P, Harrison Sarah L, Barrett Sean P
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2023 Jan;136:107483. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107483. Epub 2022 Sep 3.
Electronic cigarettes ("e-cigarettes") are commonly promoted as a less-harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, yet many individuals concurrently use both products ("dual users"). Little is known about the extent to which dual users' perceptions of the addictive properties of these products differ, or to what extent there are differences in the factors that elicit craving for each product.
An online survey evaluated beliefs about the addictive properties of cigarettes vs e-cigarettes and the situational and affective precipitants of product craving, on a scale from 1 to 10, in a sample of Canadian adults that reported past-month use of combustible and e-cigarettes (N = 175; 79 female).
Participants rated cigarettes as more addictive than e-cigarettes, and on average reported higher levels of dependence on combustible cigarettes. While the addictive properties of both combustible and e-cigarettes were largely attributed to nicotine, non-nicotine factors (e.g. flavouring, other non-nicotine ingredients) were believed to make a relatively stronger contribution to the addictive properties of e-cigarettes, particularly among women. Participants reported greater increases in craving for combustible cigarettes in response to negative affective states and situational factors, and these effects were strongest among participants that displayed greater dependence on combustible tobacco relative to e-cigarettes.
Dual users perceived cigarettes to be more addictive than e-cigarettes and attributed the addictive properties of each product to different factors. Further, cravings for combustible cigarettes were more strongly linked to certain negative affective states and situational factors relative to e-cigarettes. Findings suggest that there may be limited substitutability between combustible and e-cigarettes.
电子烟通常被宣传为比可燃香烟危害更小的替代品，但许多人同时使用这两种产品（“双重使用者”）。对于双重使用者对这些产品成瘾特性的认知差异程度，以及引发对每种产品渴望的因素在何种程度上存在差异，我们知之甚少。
一项在线调查评估了加拿大成年人样本（N = 175；79名女性）对香烟与电子烟成瘾特性的看法，以及产品渴望的情境和情感诱因，评分范围为1至10分，这些参与者报告在过去一个月内使用过可燃香烟和电子烟。
参与者认为香烟比电子烟更容易上瘾，并且平均而言，对可燃香烟的依赖程度更高。虽然可燃香烟和电子烟的成瘾特性在很大程度上都归因于尼古丁，但非尼古丁因素（如调味剂、其他非尼古丁成分）被认为对电子烟的成瘾特性贡献相对更大，尤其是在女性中。参与者报告称，在面对负面情绪状态和情境因素时，对可燃香烟的渴望增加得更多，并且这些影响在相对于电子烟对可燃烟草依赖程度更高的参与者中最为强烈。
双重使用者认为香烟比电子烟更容易上瘾，并将每种产品的成瘾特性归因于不同因素。此外，相对于电子烟，对可燃香烟的渴望与某些负面情绪状态和情境因素的联系更为紧密。研究结果表明，可燃香烟和电子烟之间的可替代性可能有限。
