College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, PR China.
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Oct 1;366:110149. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110149. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
The frequent application of second-generation neonicotinoids thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CLO) has led to a high detectable rate in environment samples and poses threats to nontarget organisms and human beings, however, the information on the influences of long-term exposure at low doses was limited. In this study, the tissue distribution of TMX and CLO in mice at acceptable daily intake (ADI) level and 5 × ADI was determined and the health effects were assessed. TMX and CLO were detected in the liver, serum, lung, heart and kidney in the TMX exposure groups, which indicated that TMX degraded to CLO in mice. Residue levels of TMX in tissues increased with the increasing of doses. The concentrations of CLO in different tissues in the CLO exposure groups were in the order C > C > C > C. Measurement of biochemical indicators, combined with metabolomic analysis of liver, kidney, and cecal contents, examination of changes in the gut microbiota, and histopathological assessment indicated that both TMX and CLO affected energy absorption and lipid metabolism in mice and destroyed tissue structures. Furthermore, we found that CLO had a stronger effect on metabolism in mice, despite its lower acute toxicity. These results have prompted us to consider the chronic toxicity and potential hazards of chemicals in future risk assessments.
第二代新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪（TMX）和噻虫胺（CLO）的频繁应用导致其在环境样本中的检出率较高，对非靶标生物和人类构成威胁，但关于低剂量长期暴露的影响信息有限。在这项研究中，测定了 TMX 和 CLO 在可接受日摄入量（ADI）水平和 5×ADI 下在小鼠体内的组织分布，并评估了其健康影响。TMX 暴露组的小鼠肝脏、血清、肺、心脏和肾脏中均检测到 TMX 和 CLO，表明 TMX 在小鼠体内降解为 CLO。随着剂量的增加，TMX 在组织中的残留水平增加。CLO 在 CLO 暴露组不同组织中的浓度顺序为 C>C>C>C。生化指标的测定，结合肝、肾和盲肠内容物的代谢组学分析、肠道微生物群变化的检查以及组织病理学评估表明，TMX 和 CLO 均影响了小鼠的能量吸收和脂质代谢，破坏了组织结构。此外，我们发现尽管 CLO 的急性毒性较低，但它对小鼠代谢的影响更强。这些结果促使我们在未来的风险评估中考虑到化学物质的慢性毒性和潜在危害。
