School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base, Dongzhi 247230, China.
Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 20;853:158561. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158561. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
A municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is a significant source of antibiotic resistance, pathogens and viruses and also a habitat for microbial consortia that perform MSW decomposition. Viruses are of great significance in ecological interactions such as MSW decomposition and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transmission. In this study, the viral community structure and the associated driver, the linkage of viruses and their bacterial hosts, the virus-associated ARG dissemination and virtual community function on MSW decomposition were investigated in landfill leachate from seven cities, China. The seven cities include four megacities, two large-scale cities and one small-scale city, representing the leachate characters of China. The results showed that the leachates were dominated by the phage families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae (91.7 ± 3.6) %. Their putative hosts were the important MSW decomposers Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Proteiniphilum, and Bacteroides. The structure of the viral community was significantly affected by pH (P = 0.007, analyzed by RDA) and the bacterial community (R = 0.83, P < 0.001, analyzed by Mantel test). The relative abundance of ARGs showed a strong correlation (R > 0.8, P < 0.01) with viral family, suggesting that viruses play an important role in ARGs dissemination. Phage regulate bacterial population abundance through top-down effects, thus participating in MSW decomposition. These results demonstrate that viral community are involve in ARGs transmission and dissemination and mediate MSW decomposition in landfill.
城市固体废物（MSW）填埋场是抗生素抗性、病原体和病毒的重要来源，也是进行 MSW 分解的微生物群落的栖息地。病毒在生态相互作用中具有重要意义，如 MSW 分解和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）传播。在这项研究中，调查了中国七个城市垃圾渗滤液中的病毒群落结构及其相关驱动因素、病毒与细菌宿主的联系、病毒相关 ARG 传播以及 MSW 分解中的虚拟群落功能。这七个城市包括四个特大城市、两个大城市和一个小城市，代表了中国渗滤液的特征。结果表明，渗滤液主要由噬菌体科的 Siphoviridae、Myoviridae 和 Podoviridae 组成（91.7 ± 3.6）%。它们的假定宿主是重要的 MSW 分解菌乳杆菌、假单胞菌、梭菌、蛋白菌和拟杆菌。病毒群落的结构受到 pH（通过 RDA 分析，P = 0.007）和细菌群落（通过 Mantel 测试，R = 0.83，P < 0.001）的显著影响。ARGs 的相对丰度与病毒科呈强相关性（R > 0.8，P < 0.01），表明病毒在 ARGs 传播中起重要作用。噬菌体通过自上而下的作用调节细菌种群丰度，从而参与 MSW 分解。这些结果表明，病毒群落参与了 ARGs 的传播和扩散，并介导了垃圾填埋场中的 MSW 分解。
