Kudo A, Garrec J P, Plebin R
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1987 Jun;13(3):263-73. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90025-x.
Fluoride concentrations in water, sediments, and plants were determined at 26 locations along five rivers in the French Alps where aluminum factories have been discharging fluoride into the surrounding environment since the end of the last century. Despite a wide range of biological and constructional damages caused by fluoride contamination in the past, there was no alarming level of fluoride found in the water, sediments, or plants. Fluoride concentration in water ranged from 0.11 ppm (considered to be natural background level) to 0.62 ppm (moderate contamination). The highest fluoride concentration was 360 ppm in sediments and 207 ppm in plants. The increase of fluoride concentration along the rivers was gradual from upstream to downstream. This gradual increase suggested that the fluoride pathway was from factory to stack, to air, to the entire valley, and to the river. The amount of fluoride transported from the Maurienne valley by the Arc river was estimated to be 680 tons per year. Of this 97.8% tons (665 tons) was transported by the flowing water and the rest (2.2% or 15 tons) by sediments moving downstream.
在上世纪末以来，法国阿尔卑斯山区的五座河流沿岸的26个地点，对水、沉积物和植物中的氟化物浓度进行了测定，这些地区有铝厂一直在向周围环境排放氟化物。尽管过去氟化物污染造成了广泛的生物和建筑损害，但在水、沉积物或植物中均未发现令人担忧的氟化物水平。水中氟化物浓度范围从0.11 ppm（被认为是自然背景水平）到0.62 ppm（中度污染）。沉积物中最高氟化物浓度为360 ppm，植物中为207 ppm。河流沿线氟化物浓度从上游到下游逐渐增加。这种逐渐增加表明氟化物的传播路径是从工厂到烟囱，到空气，到整个山谷，再到河流。据估计，阿尔克河每年从莫里耶讷山谷输送的氟化物量为680吨。其中97.8%（665吨）通过流水输送，其余2.2%（15吨）通过向下游移动的沉积物输送。
