Martins Alexandra, da Silva Diana Dias, Silva Renata, Carvalho Félix, Guilhermino Lúcia
ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 1;854:158649. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158649. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Nowadays there is a high concern about the combined effects of global warming and emerging environmental contaminants with significant increasing trends of use, such as lithium (Li) and microplastics (MPs), both on wildlife and human health. Therefore, the effects of high light intensity (26,000 lx) or warmer water temperature (25 °C) on the long-term toxicity of Li and mixtures of Li and MPs (Li-MPs mixtures) were investigated using model populations of the freshwater zooplankton species Daphnia magna. Three 21-day bioassays were done in the laboratory at the following water temperatures and light intensities: (i) 20 °C/10830 lx; (ii) 20 °C/26000 lx (high light intensity); (iii) 25 °C/10830 lx (warmer temperature). Based on the 21-day ECs on reproduction, high light intensity increased the reproductive toxicity of Li and Li-MPs mixtures by ~1.3 fold; warmer temperature increased the toxicity of Li by ~1.2 fold, and the toxicity of Li-MPs mixtures by ~1.4 fold based on the concentration of Li, and by ~2 fold based on the concentrations of MPs. At high light intensity, Li (0.04 mg/L) and Li-MPs mixtures (0.04 Li + 0.09 MPs mg/L) reduced the population fitness by 32 % and 41 %, respectively. Warmer temperature, Li (0.05 mg/L) and Li-MPs mixtures (0.05 Li + 0.09 MPs mg/L) reduced it by 63 % and 71 %, respectively. At warmer temperature or high light intensity, higher concentrations of Li and Li-MPs mixtures lead to population extinction. Based on the population growth rate and using data of bioassays with MPs alone done simultaneously, Li and MPs interactions were antagonistic or synergistic depending on the scenario. High light intensity and chemical stress generally acted synergistically. Warmer temperature and chemical stress always acted synergistically. These findings highlight the threats of long-term exposure to Li and Li-MPs mixtures to freshwater zooplankton and Global Health in a warmer world.
如今，全球变暖与新兴环境污染物的综合影响备受关注，这些污染物的使用量呈显著上升趋势，如锂（Li）和微塑料（MPs），它们对野生动物和人类健康均有影响。因此，利用淡水浮游动物大型溞的模型种群，研究了高光强度（26,000勒克斯）或较高水温（25℃）对锂以及锂与微塑料混合物（Li-MPs混合物）长期毒性的影响。在实验室中于以下水温及光强度条件下进行了三项为期21天的生物测定：（i）20℃/10830勒克斯；（ii）20℃/26000勒克斯（高光强度）；（iii）25℃/10830勒克斯（较高水温）。基于21天的繁殖半数效应浓度（ECs），高光强度使锂和Li-MPs混合物的生殖毒性增加了约1.3倍；较高水温使锂的毒性增加了约1.2倍，使Li-MPs混合物基于锂浓度的毒性增加了约1.4倍，基于微塑料浓度的毒性增加了约2倍。在高光强度下，锂（0.04毫克/升）和Li-MPs混合物（0.04 Li + 0.09 MPs毫克/升）分别使种群适合度降低了32%和41%。较高水温、锂（0.05毫克/升）和Li-MPs混合物（0.05 Li + 0.09 MPs毫克/升）分别使其降低了63%和71%。在较高水温或高光强度下，较高浓度的锂和Li-MPs混合物会导致种群灭绝。基于种群增长率并利用同时进行的单独微塑料生物测定数据，锂和微塑料的相互作用根据具体情况表现为拮抗或协同。高光强度和化学胁迫通常表现为协同作用。较高水温与化学胁迫始终表现为协同作用。这些发现凸显了在气候变暖的世界中，长期暴露于锂和Li-MPs混合物对淡水浮游动物和全球健康的威胁。
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