CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Campus of Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
University of Aveiro, Department of Medical Science, Campus of Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Dent Mater. 2022 Nov;38(11):1679-1688. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.009. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
This study aimed to investigate the role of the incorporation of an antibacterial nanoceramic (AgVO) on the properties of a restorative dental glass-ceramic.
A commercially available restorative glass-ceramic, commonly designated as porcelain (IPS d.SIGN) was functionalized with an antibacterial agent (nanostructured β-AgVO), synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Both functionalized and pristine samples were processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, particle size distribution, Scanning Electron Microscopy, chemical solubility, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. Their antibacterial potential (Mueller-Hinton test) was analyzed against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
The commercial glass-ceramic showed leucite (KAlSiO) as the only detectable crystalline phase, and, for both strains, no antibacterial activity could be detected in the Mueller-Hinton agar plates test. A monophasic, needle-shaped, and nanometric β-AgVO powder was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route. After thermal treatment, glass-ceramic samples containing different percentages of β-AgVO showed a second crystalline phase of microline [K(AlSiO)]. For modified samples, inhibition halos were easily visible on the Mueller-Hinton test, which ranged from 11.1 ± 0.5 mm to 16.6 ± 0.5 mm and 12.7 ± 0.3 mm to 15.5 ± 0.3 mm in the S. aureus and E.coli cultures, respectively, showing that the halos formed were dose-dependent. Also, increasing the percentage of β-AgVO promoted a significant increase in chemical solubility, from 72 µg/cm (samples with 1 wt% of β-AgVO) to 136 µg/cm (samples with 2 wt% of β-AgVO), which was associated with the silver and vanadium ions released from the glass matrix.
Our in vitro results indicate that IPS d.SIGN, as most of the dental glass-ceramics, do not exhibit antibacterial activity per se. Nonetheless, in this concept test, we demonstrated that it is possible to modify dental veneering materials giving them antibacterial properties by adding at least 2 wt% of β-AgVO, a nanomaterial easily synthesized by a simple route.
本研究旨在探讨将抗菌纳米陶瓷（AgVO）掺入牙科玻璃陶瓷修复体中对其性能的影响。
采用商业上可获得的牙科玻璃陶瓷（通常称为 IPS d.SIGN），通过水热法合成抗菌剂（纳米结构β-AgVO）对其进行功能化。对功能化和原始样品均按照制造商的说明进行处理。所有样品均通过 X 射线衍射、Rietveld 精修、粒度分布、扫描电子显微镜、化学溶解度和电感耦合等离子体光谱进行了表征。通过 Mueller-Hinton 试验分析了它们对革兰氏阳性（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）的抗菌潜力。
商业玻璃陶瓷仅显示出白榴石（KAlSiO）作为唯一可检测的结晶相，对于两种菌株，在 Mueller-Hinton 琼脂平板试验中均未检测到抗菌活性。通过简单的水热法成功合成了单相、针状和纳米级的β-AgVO 粉末。经过热处理，含有不同百分比β-AgVO 的玻璃陶瓷样品显示出微线[K(AlSiO)]的第二结晶相。对于改性样品，在 Mueller-Hinton 试验中很容易看到抑菌环，其范围分别为 11.1±0.5mm 至 16.6±0.5mm 和 12.7±0.3mm 至 15.5±0.3mm，金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌培养物中分别显示出抑菌环的形成与剂量有关。此外，增加β-AgVO 的百分比会显著提高化学溶解度，从 72μg/cm（含 1wt%β-AgVO 的样品）增加到 136μg/cm（含 2wt%β-AgVO 的样品），这与从玻璃基质中释放的银和钒离子有关。
我们的体外结果表明，与大多数牙科玻璃陶瓷一样，IPS d.SIGN 本身并不具有抗菌活性。尽管如此，在这个概念性试验中，我们证明了通过添加至少 2wt%的β-AgVO（一种通过简单路线易于合成的纳米材料）来改性牙科贴面材料并赋予其抗菌性能是可能的。
