Smrhova Tereza, Jani Kunal, Pajer Petr, Kapinusova Gabriela, Vylita Tomas, Suman Jachym, Strejcek Michal, Uhlik Ondrej
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Military Health Institute, Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
Environ Microbiome. 2022 Sep 11;17(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40793-022-00440-2.
The extreme conditions of thermal springs constitute a unique aquatic habitat characterized by low nutrient contents and the absence of human impacts on the microbial community composition. Thus, these springs may host phylogenetically novel microorganisms with potential use in biotechnology. With this hypothesis in mind, we examined the microbial composition of four thermal springs of the world-renowned spa town of Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czechia, which differ in their temperature and chemical composition.
Microbial profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the presence of phylogenetically novel taxa at various taxonomic levels, spanning from genera to phyla. Many sequences belonged to novel classes within the phyla Hydrothermae, Altiarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, and TA06. Cultivation-based methods employing oligotrophic media resulted in the isolation of 44 unique bacterial isolates. These include strains that withstand concentrations of up to 12% NaCl in cultivation media or survive a temperature of 100 °C, as well as hitherto uncultured bacterial species belonging to the genera Thermomonas, Paenibacillus, and Cellulomonas. These isolates harbored stress response genes that allow them to thrive in the extreme environment of thermal springs.
Our study is the first to analyze the overall microbial community composition of the renowned Karlovy Vary thermal springs. We provide insight into yet another level of uniqueness of these springs. In addition to their unique health benefits and cultural significance, we demonstrate that these springs harbor phylogenetically distinct microorganisms with unusual life strategies. Our findings open up avenues for future research with the promise of a deeper understanding of the metabolic potential of these microorganisms.
温泉的极端条件构成了一个独特的水生栖息地，其特点是营养成分含量低且微生物群落组成不受人类影响。因此，这些温泉可能蕴藏着在生物技术中具有潜在用途的系统发育新微生物。基于这一假设，我们研究了世界著名温泉小镇卡罗维发利（卡尔斯巴德）的四个温泉的微生物组成，这些温泉在温度和化学成分上有所不同。
使用16S rRNA基因测序进行的微生物分析揭示了在从属到门的各个分类水平上存在系统发育新类群。许多序列属于热泉菌门、高古菌门、疣微菌门和TA06门内的新类。采用贫营养培养基的基于培养的方法分离出了44种独特的细菌菌株。这些菌株包括在培养基中能耐受高达12%氯化钠浓度或能在100°C温度下存活的菌株，以及迄今未培养的属于嗜热单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和纤维单胞菌属的细菌物种。这些分离株含有应激反应基因，使它们能够在温泉的极端环境中茁壮成长。
我们的研究首次分析了著名的卡罗维发利温泉的整体微生物群落组成。我们深入了解了这些温泉的另一个独特层面。除了其独特的健康益处和文化意义外，我们还证明这些温泉蕴藏着系统发育独特且具有不同寻常生存策略的微生物。我们的发现为未来的研究开辟了道路，有望更深入地了解这些微生物的代谢潜力。
