儿童听力损失的内耳治疗进展
Advances in Inner Ear Therapeutics for Hearing Loss in Children.
作者信息
Aaron Ksenia A, Kim Grace S, Cheng Alan G
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
出版信息
Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep. 2020 Sep;8(3):285-294. doi: 10.1007/s40136-020-00300-y. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Hearing loss is a common congenital sensory disorder with various underlying causes. Here, we review and focus on genetic, infectious, and ototoxic causes and recent advances in inner ear therapeutics.
RECENT FINDINGS
While hearing aids and cochlear implantation are the mainstay of treatment for pediatric hearing loss, novel biological therapeutics are being explored. Recent preclinical studies report positive results in viral-mediated gene transfer techniques and surgical approaches to the inner ear for genetic hearing loss. Novel pharmacologic agents, on the other hand, show promising results in reducing aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals for cytomegalovirus-related hearing loss, and its pathogenesis and other potential therapeutics are currently under investigation.
SUMMARY
Individualized therapies for genetic and infectious causes of sensorineural hearing loss in animal models as well as pediatric patients show promising results, with their potential efficacy being active areas of research.
综述目的
听力损失是一种常见的先天性感觉障碍，有多种潜在病因。在此，我们回顾并聚焦于遗传、感染和耳毒性病因以及内耳治疗的最新进展。
最新发现
虽然助听器和人工耳蜗植入是小儿听力损失的主要治疗方法，但新型生物治疗方法正在探索中。最近的临床前研究报告了病毒介导的基因转移技术和内耳手术治疗遗传性听力损失取得了积极成果。另一方面，新型药物在降低氨基糖苷类和顺铂耳毒性方面显示出有前景的结果。正在进行临床试验以评估抗病毒药物治疗巨细胞病毒相关听力损失的疗效，其发病机制和其他潜在治疗方法目前正在研究中。
总结
针对动物模型以及小儿患者感音神经性听力损失的遗传和感染病因的个体化治疗显示出有前景的结果，其潜在疗效是研究的活跃领域。
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