Mechanics under pressure of gold nanoparticle supracrystals: the role of the soft matrix.

We report on High Pressure Small Angle X-ray Scattering (HP-SAXS) measurements on 3D face-centered cubic (FCC) supracrystals (SCs) built from spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs). Dodecane-thiol ligands are grafted on the surface and ensure the stability of the gold NPs by forming a protective soft layer. Under a hydrostatic pressure of up to 12 GPa, the SC showed a high structural stability. The bulk elastic modulus of the SC was derived from the HP-SAXS measurements. The compression of the SC undergoes two stages: the first one related to the collapse of the voids between the NPs followed by the second one related to the compression of the soft matrix which gives a major contribution to the mechanical behavior. By comparing the bulk modulus of the SC to that of dodecane, the soft matrix appears to be less compressible than the crystalline dodecane. This effect is attributed to a less optimized chain packing under pressure compared to the free chains, as the chains are constrained by both grafting and confinement within the soft matrix. We conclude that these constraints on chain packing within the soft matrix enhance the stability of SCs under pressure.