Wypych-Ślusarska Agata, Niewiadomska Ewa, Głogowska-Ligus Joanna
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022 Aug;39(4):729-738. doi: 10.5114/ada.2021.109696. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
Home environmental conditions can affect the prevalence of childhood asthma and allergies.
To assess the relationship between the prevalence of childhood asthma, bronchitis, and allergies and the condition of the home environment.
In 2018 and 2019, a cross-sectional study on 2932 children from elementary schools in the Silesian Voivodship (Southern Poland) was conducted. The questionnaire was based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). In order to determine the association between the home environment (presence of moulds, furry pets) and respiratory symptoms and diseases, a logistic regression analysis was performed by calculating the odds ratio (OR), determining < 0.05 as the level of significance.
Asthma risk factors were male sex, heating with solid fuel and presence of moulds. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, and allergic diseases is statistically more common with the presence of moulds in dwellings. A protective effect of the presence of pets on the prevalence of asthma (OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59-0.99), allergy to pet allergens (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.45-0.76), allergy to house dust mite (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56-0.87) and wheeze in the last 12 months (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54-0.91) and ever (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.70-1.02) was observed.
The study confirmed the known adverse influence of the presence of moulds and heating with solid fuel on the prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms and allergic diseases. The protective influence of pets on the occurrence of the health disorders under study was demonstrated.
家庭环境条件会影响儿童哮喘和过敏的患病率。
评估儿童哮喘、支气管炎和过敏的患病率与家庭环境状况之间的关系。
2018年和2019年，对波兰南部西里西亚省小学的2932名儿童进行了一项横断面研究。问卷基于儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）。为了确定家庭环境（霉菌、有毛宠物的存在）与呼吸道症状和疾病之间的关联，通过计算优势比（OR）进行逻辑回归分析，将显著性水平确定为<0.05。
哮喘的危险因素为男性、使用固体燃料取暖和有霉菌存在。住宅中有霉菌时，呼吸道症状、支气管炎和过敏性疾病的患病率在统计学上更常见。宠物的存在对哮喘患病率（OR = 0.77；95%CI：0.59 - 0.99）、对宠物过敏原过敏（OR = 0.59；95%CI：0.45 - 0.76）、对屋尘螨过敏（OR = 0.70；95%CI：0.56 - 0.87）以及过去12个月内喘息（OR = 0.70；95%CI：0.54 - 0.91）和曾经喘息（OR = 0.85；95%CI：0.70 - 1.02）具有保护作用。
该研究证实了霉菌存在和使用固体燃料取暖对哮喘、支气管炎、呼吸道症状和过敏性疾病患病率的已知不良影响。证明了宠物对所研究的健康障碍发生具有保护作用。
