Jiang Ying, Qiu Chunbo, Wang Yuanping, He Bin
The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China.
Ningbo Charity Maternity Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Sep 1;2022:1241530. doi: 10.1155/2022/1241530. eCollection 2022.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to the diabetes first discovered or occurring during pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes in China is about 1%-5%, with an increasing trend in recent years.
To observe the effect of evidence-based diet nursing on intestinal flora and maternal and infant prognosis in patients with gestational diabetes.
One hundred and thirty patients with GDM admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to the intervention method, with 65 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing plus diet nursing, while the observation group was given evidence-based nursing plus diet nursing. The changes of blood glucose index and intestinal flora before and after intervention in the two groups were detected, and the compliance behavior, pregnancy outcome, and perinatal outcome in the two groups were statistically analyzed.
After the intervention, the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c in the two groups gradually decreased ( < 0.05). Further comparison between the groups showed that the fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( < 0.05). After intervention, the ratios of , , and to in the two groups gradually increased ( < 0.05). Furthermore, comparison between the groups showed that the ratios of , , and to in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). The blood glucose rate, regular prenatal examination rate, and diet control rate of the observation group were 100.00%, 100.00%, and 95.38%, respectively, which were higher than 89.23%, 92.31%, and 84.62% of the control group, and the difference was significant ( < 0.05). The pregnancy infection rate and cesarean section rate in the observation group were 0.00% and 33.85%, respectively, which were lower than 6.15% and 60.00% in the control group, and the difference was significant ( < 0.05).The premature delivery rate and polyhydramnios rate in the observation group were 3.08% and 1.54%, respectively, which were not significantly different from 6.15% to 7.69% in the control group ( > 0.05). The rates of macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the observation group were 1.54%, 3.08%, and 9.23%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (10.77%, 13.85%, and 23.08%), and the differences were significant ( < 0.05). The fetal malformation rate and neonatal asphyxia rate in the observation group were 0.00% and 1.54%, respectively, which were not significantly different from 1.54% to 7.69% in the control group ( > 0.05).
The application of evidence-based care combined with dietary care in GDM patients can improve intestinal flora, control blood glucose, improve patient compliance behavior, and improve maternal and infant outcomes.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是指在妊娠期间首次发现或发生的糖尿病。我国妊娠期糖尿病的发病率约为1%-5%，近年来呈上升趋势。
观察循证饮食护理对妊娠期糖尿病患者肠道菌群及母婴预后的影响。
选取2020年1月至2022年1月我院收治的130例妊娠期糖尿病患者，根据干预方法分为两组，每组65例。对照组给予常规护理加饮食护理，观察组给予循证护理加饮食护理。检测两组干预前后血糖指标及肠道菌群的变化，并对两组的依从行为、妊娠结局及围生期结局进行统计学分析。
干预后，两组空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖及糖化血红蛋白均逐渐下降（P<0.05）。组间进一步比较显示，观察组空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖及糖化血红蛋白均低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后，两组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及嗜热栖热菌与大肠杆菌的比值均逐渐升高（P<0.05）。组间比较显示，观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及嗜热栖热菌与大肠杆菌的比值高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组血糖达标率、定期产检率及饮食控制率分别为100.00%、100.00%和95.38%，均高于对照组的89.23%、92.31%和84.62%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组妊娠感染率和剖宫产率分别为0.00%和33.85%，均低于对照组的6.15%和60.00%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组早产率和羊水过多率分别为3.08%和1.54%，与对照组的6.15%至7.69%相比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组巨大儿、新生儿低血糖及新生儿高胆红素血症发生率分别为1.54%、3.08%和9.23%，均低于对照组（10.77%、13.85%和23.08%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组胎儿畸形率和新生儿窒息率分别为0.00%和1.54%，与对照组的1.54%至7.6%相比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。
循证护理联合饮食护理应用于妊娠期糖尿病患者可改善肠道菌群，控制血糖，提高患者依从行为，改善母婴结局。
