Verdiesen Ilse, Dignum Virginia
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
AI Ethics. 2022 Sep 5:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s43681-022-00211-2.
Ethical concerns on autonomous weapon systems (AWS) call for a process of human oversight to ensure accountability over targeting decisions and the use of force. To align the behavior of autonomous systems with human values and norms, the Design for Values approach can be used to consciously embody values in the deployment of AWS. One instrument for the elicitation of values during the design is participative deliberation. In this paper, we describe a participative deliberation method and results of a value elicitation by means of the value deliberation process for which we organized two panels each consisting of a mixture of experts in the field of AWS working in military operations, foreign policy, NGO's and industry. The results of our qualitative study indicate not only that value discussion leads to changes in perception of the acceptability of alternatives, or options, in a scenario of AWS deployment, it also gives insight in to which values are deemed important and highlights that trust in the decision-making of an AWS is crucial.
对自主武器系统（AWS）的伦理关注要求建立一个人为监督过程，以确保对目标决策和武力使用负责。为使自主系统的行为符合人类价值观和规范，可采用“价值设计”方法，在自主武器系统的部署中自觉体现价值观。设计过程中一种引出价值观的手段是参与式审议。在本文中，我们描述了一种参与式审议方法以及通过价值审议过程进行价值引出的结果，为此我们组织了两个小组，每个小组由军事行动、外交政策、非政府组织和行业领域的自主武器系统专家组成。我们的定性研究结果表明，价值讨论不仅会导致在自主武器系统部署场景中对替代方案或选项可接受性的认知发生变化，还能洞察哪些价值观被视为重要，并突出了对自主武器系统决策的信任至关重要。
