Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
Nutrition. 2022 Nov-Dec;103-104:111796. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111796. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
The regular consumption of whole grains is linked to a lower likelihood of developing metabolic disorders. We previously found that chronic supplementation with wheat alkylresorcinols (ARs) prevents obesity and its associated metabolic symptoms induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the time-of-day-dependence of these effects in mice.
Eight-wk-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were individually housed under a 12-h light/dark cycle (Zeitgeber time; ZT0, lights on; ZT12, lights off) and given access to a HFHSD from ZT12-16 (activity onset) and ZT20-24 (activity offset) to respectively represent breakfast and dinner times for 3 wk. Thereafter, the HFHSD was replaced with the same diet containing 0.4% ARs at either ZT12-16 or ZT20-24 for 8 wk. Control mice received the HFHSD without ARs at both feeding times.
Supplementation with ARs significantly suppressed feed efficiency when given at breakfast, but not at dinner. ARs consumed at breakfast increased fecal lipid content and decreased the expression of Fat/Cd36 in enterocytes that enhances lipid uptake, but did not affect hepatic and blood lipid levels. The consumption of ARs at breakfast also upregulated the expression of Irs1, a key gene for insulin signaling in white adipose tissue and attenuated elevated blood leptin levels induced by the diet. This led to high scores for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio, a negative index of adipose tissue dysfunction.
These findings suggested that ARs ameliorate feed efficiency by decreasing dietary lipid absorption more effectively at the time of activity onset than offset. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the time-of-day-dependent effects of ARs on diet-induced metabolic disorders.
经常食用全谷物与代谢紊乱发生的可能性降低有关。我们之前发现，慢性补充小麦烷基间苯二酚（ARs）可预防高脂肪高蔗糖饮食（HFHSD）诱导的肥胖及其相关代谢症状在小鼠中。本研究旨在检查这些作用在小鼠中的昼夜依赖性。
8 周龄雄性 C57BL/6 J 小鼠在 12 小时光照/黑暗周期（ Zeitgeber 时间；ZT0，光照；ZT12，光照关闭）下单独饲养，并从 ZT12-16（活动开始）和 ZT20-24（活动结束）给予 HFHSD，分别代表早餐和晚餐时间，持续 3 周。此后，HFHSD 被含有 0.4%ARs 的相同饮食代替，分别在 ZT12-16 或 ZT20-24 时给予 8 周。对照小鼠在两个喂养时间均接受不含 ARs 的 HFHSD。
ARs 早餐时补充可显著抑制饲料效率，但晚餐时补充则不能。早餐时摄入的 ARs 增加粪便脂质含量并降低增强脂质摄取的肠细胞中 Fat/Cd36 的表达，但不影响肝和血液脂质水平。早餐时摄入 ARs 还上调了白色脂肪组织中胰岛素信号的关键基因 Irs1 的表达，并减轻了饮食引起的血液瘦素水平升高。这导致了胰岛素敏感性的稳态模型评估得分较高，以及脂联素/瘦素比值，这是脂肪组织功能障碍的负指标。
这些发现表明，ARs 通过在活动开始时比结束时更有效地减少膳食脂质吸收来改善饲料效率。需要进一步研究阐明 ARs 对饮食诱导的代谢紊乱的昼夜依赖性作用的分子机制。
