Faculty of Law of Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal.
JBRA Assist Reprod. 2022 Nov 9;26(4):666-674. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20220032.
Traditional public eugenics, which was ordered by the State, has been replaced by a kind of private eugenics conducted by parents using reproductive techniques, genetic testing and, eventually in the future, genetic engineering. While traditional eugenics strived to improve the species, the new model aims to satisfy parents' reproductive aspirations. The association between public and private eugenics is an ongoing issue, mostly due to its relation to nazi eugenics. This paper will state that both are eugenics; however, with different characteristics, and thus worthy of different legal and ethical assessments. The paper will contextualize private eugenics in the framework of reproductive rights (legal and ethical perspective) and in the development of genetics and reproductive techniques (scientific perspective). Finally, it will analyze some of the legal consequences of a broader acceptance of private eugenics, namely in terms of liability and tort law. Throughout the paper, the different legal solutions in place in Europe will contextualize its considerations.
传统的公共优生学是由国家主导的，已经被一种由父母利用生殖技术、基因检测，最终在未来利用基因工程来进行的私人优生学所取代。虽然传统的优生学致力于改善物种，但新的模式旨在满足父母的生殖愿望。公共优生学和私人优生学之间的联系是一个持续存在的问题，主要是因为它与纳粹优生学有关。本文将指出，两者都是优生学；然而，具有不同的特点，因此值得进行不同的法律和伦理评估。本文将从生殖权利（法律和伦理视角）以及遗传学和生殖技术的发展（科学视角）两个方面将私人优生学置于背景中进行讨论。最后，它将分析更广泛地接受私人优生学的一些法律后果，即从责任和侵权法的角度来看。在整篇文章中，欧洲现有的不同法律解决方案将为其考虑提供背景。
