Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2022 Oct;40(7):750-759. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3741. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Nitrate, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, has antiobesity effect in female rats. This study hypothesized that the antiobesity effect of nitrate in female rats is due to the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Female Wistar rats (aged 8 months) were divided into two groups (n = 10/group): the control group received tap water and the nitrate group received water containing 100 mg/L of sodium nitrate for 9 months. At months 0, 3, 6, and 9, obesity indices were measured. At month 9, gonadal adipose tissue was used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and adipocyte density and area. After the 9-month intervention, nitrate-treated rats had lower body weight, body mass index, thoracic circumference, and abdominal circumference by 6.4% (p = .012), 9.1% (p = .029), 6.0% (p = .056), and 5.7% (p = .098), respectively. In addition, nitrate-treated rats had higher PPAR-γ (mRNA: 1.78-fold, p = .016 and protein: 19%, p = .076), PGC1-α (mRNA: 1.69-fold, p = .012 and protein: 68%, p = .001), and UCP1 (mRNA: 2.50-fold, p = .001 and protein: 81%, p = .001) in gonadal adipose tissue. Nitrate also reduced adipocyte area by 35% (p = .054) and increased adipocyte density by 31% (p = .086). In conclusion, antiobesity effect of nitrate in female rats is associated with increased browning of gonadal adipose tissue as indicated by higher expression of PPAR-γ, PGC1-α, and UCP1 and reduced adipocyte area and increased adipocyte density.
硝酸盐是一氧化氮 (NO) 的供体，具有抗肥胖作用。本研究假设硝酸盐在雌性大鼠中的抗肥胖作用是由于白色脂肪组织 (WAT) 的褐变。将 8 月龄的雌性 Wistar 大鼠分为两组（每组 10 只）：对照组饮用自来水，硝酸盐组饮用含有 100mg/L 硝酸钠的水，为期 9 个月。在 0、3、6 和 9 个月时测量肥胖指数。在第 9 个月时，使用性腺脂肪组织测量过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ (PPAR-γ)、PPAR-γ 共激活因子 1-α (PGC1-α)、解偶联蛋白 1 (UCP1) 的信使 RNA (mRNA) 和蛋白水平以及脂肪细胞密度和面积。经过 9 个月的干预，硝酸盐处理组的体重、体重指数、胸围和腹围分别降低了 6.4%（p=0.012）、9.1%（p=0.029）、6.0%（p=0.056）和 5.7%（p=0.098）。此外，硝酸盐处理组的 PPAR-γ（mRNA：1.78 倍，p=0.016 和蛋白：19%，p=0.076）、PGC1-α（mRNA：1.69 倍，p=0.012 和蛋白：68%，p=0.001）和 UCP1（mRNA：2.50 倍，p=0.001 和蛋白：81%，p=0.001）在性腺脂肪组织中的表达更高。硝酸盐还降低了脂肪细胞面积 35%（p=0.054），增加了脂肪细胞密度 31%（p=0.086）。总之，硝酸盐在雌性大鼠中的抗肥胖作用与性腺脂肪组织的褐变增加有关，表现为 PPAR-γ、PGC1-α 和 UCP1 的表达增加，脂肪细胞面积减少，脂肪细胞密度增加。
