Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2023 Apr-May;265:110834. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110834. Epub 2023 Feb 4.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an interacting effect of six weeks of swimming in cold water on the gene expression of browning markers in adipose tissue in rodents. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C, 25 °C), Cold Exposure (CE, 4 °C), Swimming in tepid Water (STW, 30 °C), and Swimming in Cold Water (SCW, 15 °C). The swimming included 2-3 min intervals, 1 min rest, until exhaustion, three days a week for six weeks, with 3 to 6% of bodyweight overload. Rats from CE were exposed to cold for 2 h per day, five days per week. After the experimental protocol, interscapular brown (BAT) and inguinal subcutaneous white (WAT) fat tissues were excised, weighed, and processed for beiging and mitochondrial biogenesis markers gene expression. The experimental protocols resulted in an apparent increase in the number of brown adipocytes (per mm) in the adipose deposits compared to the C group; substantial changes were observed in the SCW group. Compared to other groups, cold exposure alone increased significantly serum norepinephrine, and also β-adrenergic receptor expression was upregulated in the adipocytes compared to the C group. The STW group increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), β-adrenergic receptor, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins-α(c/EBP-α) in WAT in comparison with the C group(p < 0.05). In both adipocytes, the SCW intervention significantly upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and c/EBP-α genes in comparison with the C and CE groups. In addition, the expression of TFAM and UCP1 was upregulated substantially in the SCW group compared to other groups. Our data demonstrate that swim training and cold exposure present additive effects in the expression of genes involved in the beiging process and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in BAT and WAT. In addition, it seems that the upregulation of these genes is related to the activation of β-adrenergic receptors.
本研究旨在探究六周冷水游泳对啮齿动物脂肪组织棕色化标志物基因表达的影响是否存在交互作用。将 20 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为四组：对照组（C，25°C）、冷暴露组（CE，4°C）、温水游泳组（STW，30°C）和冷水游泳组（SCW，15°C）。游泳包括 2-3 分钟的间隔，1 分钟的休息，直到力竭，每周三天，负重 3-6%体重。CE 组的大鼠每天暴露于冷环境 2 小时，每周 5 天。实验方案结束后，切除肩胛间棕色脂肪（BAT）和腹股沟皮下白色脂肪（WAT）组织，称重并进行棕色化和线粒体生物发生标志物基因表达分析。与 C 组相比，实验组的脂肪组织中棕色脂肪细胞（每毫米）数量明显增加；SCW 组观察到明显的变化。与其他组相比，单独的冷暴露显著增加了血清去甲肾上腺素的水平，并且与 C 组相比，β-肾上腺素能受体在脂肪细胞中的表达也上调。与 C 组相比，STW 组增加了 WAT 中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（PPAR-γ）共激活因子-1α（PGC-1α）、β-肾上腺素能受体和 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白-α（c/EBP-α）的表达（p<0.05）。在两种脂肪细胞中，与 C 组和 CE 组相比，SCW 干预显著上调了 PGC-1α、PPAR-γ 和 c/EBP-α 基因的表达。此外，与其他组相比，SCW 组中 TFAM 和 UCP1 的表达显著上调。我们的数据表明，游泳训练和冷暴露在 BAT 和 WAT 中参与棕色化过程和线粒体生物发生标志物的基因表达方面具有相加作用。此外，这些基因的上调似乎与β-肾上腺素能受体的激活有关。
