Dep. of Soil and Environment, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
J Environ Qual. 2022 Nov;51(6):1235-1245. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20413. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, via both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water, were monitored in an agricultural field in northern Sweden for 32 yr. The objective was to determine losses of N and P in a long-term perspective in relation to meteorological factors and impacts of agricultural land use, with a focus on relative contributions of surface runoff and subsurface drainage water to N and P losses. In order to collect surface runoff water, an embankment was installed on three sides of the field, and the fourth side had an open ditch that drove runoff water to a measuring station. Subsurface water draining from the field was collected in a fishbone-shaped drainage system that terminated at the measuring station. In 50% of years (16/32), mean annual concentration of total N (TN) was significantly higher in subsurface drainage water than in surface runoff water. An opposing trend was seen for total P (TP), with mean annual concentration being significantly higher in surface runoff water than in subsurface drainage water in all but 3 of the 32 yr monitored. Years with a barley crop had higher TN concentration in subsurface drainage water but no difference in surface runoff compared with years with ley. In contrast, years with barley had lower TN concentration in surface runoff than years with ley, with no difference in TP in subsurface drainage water.
在瑞典北部的一个农业领域，我们对氮（N）和磷（P）的流失情况进行了 32 年的监测，流失途径包括地表径流和地下排水。我们的目的是从长期角度确定 N 和 P 的流失情况，以及气象因素和农业土地利用的影响，重点关注地表径流和地下排水对 N 和 P 流失的相对贡献。为了收集地表径流，我们在农田的三面修筑了堤岸，第四面则有一条明渠，将径流引至测量站。从农田排出的地下水则通过鱼骨状排水系统收集，最终汇集到测量站。在 50%的年份（32 年中的 16 年）中，地下排水水中的总氮（TN）平均浓度明显高于地表径流水中的浓度。而总磷（TP）的情况则相反，在所有监测的 32 年中，除了 3 年之外，地表径流水中的 TP 平均浓度均明显高于地下排水水中的浓度。种植大麦的年份地下排水水中的 TN 浓度更高，但与休耕年相比，地表径流水中的 TN 浓度没有差异。相比之下，种植大麦的年份地表径流水中的 TN 浓度低于休耕年，而地下排水水中的 TP 浓度则没有差异。
