Schön Ybarra M A
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1986;47(4):204-16. doi: 10.1159/000156278.
Loud calls of adult male red howlers (Alouatta seniculus) inhabiting a deciduous and semideciduous open woodland site in Venezuela were recorded opportunistically and categorized by ear and sonographically as barks and roars. Five to six different bark syllables were identified as occurring singly or in sequences of doublets and triplets. In barks, spectral energy was concentrated in bands at 350-400 Hz, 900-1,100 Hz, 1,800-2,200 Hz and 3,000-3,500 Hz, but not all higher bands were present in each syllable. Roars appeared sonographically like prolonged barks composed of a pulsated preface, a long legato climax and a brief, fractionated and at times pulsated coda; each part varied internally to the ear and in acoustic structure. All loud calls were of the noisy type (nonharmonic energy over a broad frequency range). Acoustic characteristics of the calls are interpreted in terms of the subserving vocal tract anatomy. I compare loud calls of red howlers with those of mantled (A. palliata) and black (A. caraya) howlers.
对生活在委内瑞拉一处落叶和半落叶开阔林地的成年雄性红吼猴（Alouatta seniculus）的大声呼叫进行了机会性记录，并通过听觉和超声检查将其分类为吠叫和咆哮。识别出五到六个不同的吠叫音节，它们单独出现或以双音节和三音节序列出现。在吠叫声中，频谱能量集中在350 - 400赫兹、900 - 1100赫兹、1800 - 2200赫兹和3000 - 3500赫兹的频段，但并非每个音节都包含所有较高频段。咆哮在超声检查中看起来像是由脉动的前奏、长长的连奏高潮和简短、分段且有时脉动的尾声组成的延长吠叫；每个部分在听觉上和声学结构上内部都有所不同。所有大声呼叫都是嘈杂型（在宽频率范围内的非谐波能量）。根据所涉及的声道解剖结构对呼叫的声学特征进行了解释。我将红吼猴的大声呼叫与长毛吼猴（A. palliata）和黑吼猴（A. caraya）的大声呼叫进行了比较。
