Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Dec 1;323:116133. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116133. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Rapid surge in electronic waste (e-waste) and its unscientific handling has an adverse impact on humans and the environment. Waste printed circuit board (WPCB), an integrated component of e-waste, has a high metallic content that includes both toxic and precious metals. Therefore, metal recovery is essential not just to avoid environmental degradation but also for economic growth. The current literature analysis focuses on one such eco-friendly approach, known as fungal biotechnology, for extracting metals from WPCBs. Among diverse bioleaching agents, fungi have shown promising metal extraction efficiency (Al: 65-96%; Co: 45-90%; Cu: 34-100%; Ni: 8-95%; Mn: 70-95%; Pb: 27-95%; Zn: 54-99%) and the ability to work in a wide pH range. However, in terms of metal recovery from WPCBs, fungal bioleaching has been less explored. This review, thus, assesses the fungal biotechnology for metal extraction from WPCBs and discusses the associated mechanism and kinetics involved. Different process parameters affecting the fungal bioleaching have also been discussed briefly. The review highlights that, while this process has enough potential, some associated drawbacks hinder its practical applicability on an industrial scale. Lastly, some suggestions for scaling up and reducing the cost of the process have been made, which need to be addressed.
电子废物（e-waste）的迅速增加及其不科学的处理方式对人类和环境造成了不利影响。废弃印刷电路板（WPCB）是电子废物的一个综合组件，其金属含量很高，包括有毒和贵金属。因此，金属回收不仅对于避免环境恶化至关重要，而且对于经济增长也至关重要。目前的文献分析集中在一种环保方法上，即真菌生物技术，用于从 WPCBs 中提取金属。在各种生物浸出剂中，真菌表现出了有希望的金属提取效率（Al：65-96%；Co：45-90%；Cu：34-100%；Ni：8-95%；Mn：70-95%；Pb：27-95%；Zn：54-99%）和在较宽 pH 范围内工作的能力。然而，在从 WPCBs 中回收金属方面，真菌生物浸出的研究还较少。因此，本综述评估了真菌生物技术从 WPCBs 中提取金属的应用，并讨论了相关的机制和动力学。还简要讨论了影响真菌生物浸出的不同工艺参数。该综述强调，尽管该过程具有足够的潜力，但一些相关的缺点阻碍了其在工业规模上的实际应用。最后，提出了一些关于扩大规模和降低成本的建议，需要加以解决。
