Moser E A, Divers T J
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Jun 15;190(12):1575-6.
First-lactation cows that were improperly fed a grain ration developed chronic, nonsuppurative laminitis, resulting in profound lameness in all 4 limbs, thin body condition, and poor milk production. Results of ration analysis indicated that the cows were receiving 10% to 40% more energy than that recommended by the National Research Council. The following management changes were instituted for first-lactation cows: the absolute amount of concentrate offered was decreased by 10% to 25% (depending on each cow's milk production), the rate of increase in concentrate fed was lessened to achieve maximal intake in 21 days, feed was made available more frequently and in smaller amounts during the day, sequence feeding was implemented, forage was provided before grain when possible, and sodium bicarbonate (1%, on a dry-weight basis) and fat (5%, on a dry-weight basis) were added to the grain mix. These management changes normalized rumen fermentation, and the clinical problems did not develop in the 20 subsequently fresh heifers. Therefore, the ration should be analyzed when first-lactation cows begin developing lameness and poor milk production.
初产奶牛若谷物日粮饲喂不当，会引发慢性非化脓性蹄叶炎，导致四肢严重跛行、体况消瘦以及产奶量低下。日粮分析结果显示，这些奶牛摄入的能量比美国国家研究委员会推荐量高出10%至40%。针对初产奶牛采取了以下管理措施：将精饲料的供给量绝对减少10%至25%（具体取决于每头奶牛的产奶量），减缓精饲料的投喂增量速度，以便在21天内达到最大摄入量，白天增加投喂次数并减少每次投喂量，实施顺序投喂，尽可能先喂粗饲料再喂谷物，并且在谷物混合料中添加碳酸氢钠（干重基础上为1%）和脂肪（干重基础上为5%）。这些管理措施使瘤胃发酵恢复正常，随后的20头初产小母牛未出现临床问题。因此，当初产奶牛开始出现跛行和产奶量下降时，应对日粮进行分析。
