美国医学生助理学生多样性评估：医疗保健劳动力的快照。
An assessment of physician assistant student diversity in the United States: a snapshot for the healthcare workforce.
机构信息
Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Sep 15;22(1):680. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03717-9.
BACKGROUND
The Physician Assistant (PA) workforce falls short of mirroring national demographics mainly due to a lack of diversity in student enrollment. Few studies have systematically examined diversity across PA programs at the national level, and little is known about best practices for consistently graduating a diverse group of students. We descriptively characterized the extent to which PA programs are graduating a diverse group of students and identified top performing PA programs.
METHODS
Data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) were used to calculate the number and proportion of racial or ethnically diverse graduates. The study sample included 139 accredited PA programs that had graduated a minimum of five cohorts from 2014-2018. Within each of the United States Census Divisions, programs were ranked according to the number and proportion of graduates who were underrepresented minority (URM) race, Hispanic ethnicity, and of non-white (URM race, Hispanic, and Asian).
RESULTS
Amongst PA programs in the United States, a large disparity in the number and proportion of racial and ethnic graduates was observed. Of 34,625 PA graduates, only 2,207 (6.4%) were Hispanic ethnicity and 1,220 (3.5%) were URM race. Furthermore, a large number of diverse graduates came from a small number of top performing programs.
CONCLUSION
Despite the abundance of evidence for the need to diversify the healthcare workforce, PA programs have had difficulty recruiting and graduating a diverse group of students. This study provides empirical evidence that PA programs have not been able to attain the level of diversity necessary to shift the lack of diversity in the PA workforce. Based upon this study's findings, the top performing PA programs can be used as role models to establish benchmarks for other programs. The results of this descriptive study are currently being used to guide a qualitative study to identify the top performers' strategies for success.
背景
由于医学生源缺乏多样性，助理医师（PA）劳动力与全国人口统计数据存在差异。很少有研究系统地在全国范围内考察 PA 项目的多样性，也很少有人了解如何始终如一地培养多样化学生群体的最佳实践。我们描述性地描述了 PA 项目培养多样化学生群体的程度，并确定了表现最佳的 PA 项目。
方法
我们使用综合高等教育数据系统（IPEDS）的数据来计算不同族裔或种族多样化毕业生的数量和比例。研究样本包括 139 个经过认证的 PA 项目，这些项目在 2014 年至 2018 年期间至少毕业了五届学生。在美国每个普查区，根据代表性不足少数族裔（URM）、西班牙裔、非白人（URM 族裔、西班牙裔和亚洲人）毕业生的数量和比例对项目进行排名。
结果
在美国的 PA 项目中，不同族裔和种族毕业生的数量和比例存在很大差异。在 34625 名 PA 毕业生中，只有 2207 名（6.4%）是西班牙裔，1220 名（3.5%）是 URM 族裔。此外，大量多样化的毕业生来自少数表现优异的项目。
结论
尽管有大量证据表明需要使医疗保健劳动力多样化，但 PA 项目在招募和培养多样化学生群体方面一直存在困难。本研究提供了实证证据，表明 PA 项目未能达到使 PA 劳动力缺乏多样性转变所必需的多样性水平。基于本研究的发现，可以将表现最佳的 PA 项目用作其他项目的基准。该描述性研究的结果目前正在用于指导一项定性研究，以确定表现最佳的项目的成功策略。
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