Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Springs, Maryland, United States of America.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science Technology, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 16;17(9):e0274011. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274011. eCollection 2022.
Engineered nanomaterials pose occupational health and environmental concerns as they possess unique physical and chemical properties that can contribute to toxicity. High throughput toxicity screening methods are needed to address the increasing number of nanomaterials in production. Here we used a zebrafish photomotor response (PMR) test to evaluate a set of fifteen nanomaterials with military relevance. Automated dechorionation of zebrafish embryos was used to enhance nanomaterials bioavailability. Optimal PMR activity in zebrafish embryos was found at 30-31 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Behavioral and toxicological responses were measured at 30 and 120 hpf; behavioral responses were found for thirteen of the fifteen nanomaterials and acute toxicity (LC50) levels for nine of the fifteen nanomaterials below the maximum test concentration of 500 μg/ml. Physico-chemical characterization of the nanomaterials detected endotoxin and bacterial contamination in two of the tested samples, which may have contributed to observed toxicity and reinforces the need for physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials use in toxicity testing. The zebrafish PMR test, together with automated dechorionation, provides an initial rapid assessment of the behavioral effects and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials that can be followed up by physico-chemical characterization if toxicity is detected, reducing the amount of time and monetary constraints of physico-chemical testing.
工程纳米材料因其具有独特的物理和化学性质而可能导致毒性，从而对职业健康和环境造成关注。需要高通量毒性筛选方法来应对越来越多的生产中的纳米材料。在这里，我们使用斑马鱼光动力反应 (PMR) 测试来评估一组十五种具有军事相关性的纳米材料。使用自动化的斑马鱼胚胎去卵黄处理来提高纳米材料的生物利用度。在受精后 30-31 小时发现斑马鱼胚胎的最佳 PMR 活性。在 30 和 120 hpf 测量行为和毒理学反应；发现十五种纳米材料中的十三种具有行为反应，并且十五种纳米材料中的九种的急性毒性 (LC50) 水平低于 500 μg/ml 的最大测试浓度。对纳米材料的物理化学特性进行的检测发现，在两个测试样本中存在内毒素和细菌污染，这可能导致了观察到的毒性，并强调了在毒性测试中使用纳米材料时进行物理和化学特性检测的必要性。斑马鱼 PMR 测试与自动化去卵黄处理一起，为工程纳米材料的行为效应和毒性提供了初步快速评估，如果检测到毒性，可以通过物理化学特性进行后续评估，从而减少物理化学测试的时间和金钱限制。
