Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2023 Jan-Feb;138(1):183-189. doi: 10.1177/00333549221123584. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
In summer 2021, the number of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in the United States increased with the surge of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. We assessed how COVID-19 vaccine initiation and dose completion changed during the Delta variant surge, based on jurisdictional vaccination coverage before the surge.
We analyzed COVID-19 vaccination data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We classified jurisdictions (50 states and the District of Columbia) into quartiles ranging from high to low first-dose vaccination coverage among people aged ≥12 years as of June 30, 2021. We calculated first-dose vaccination coverage as of June 30 and October 31, 2021, and stratified coverage by quartile, age (12-17, 18-64, ≥65 years), and sex. We assessed dose completion among those who initiated a 2-dose vaccine series.
Of 51 jurisdictions, 15 reached at least 70% vaccination coverage before the Delta variant surge (ie, as of June 30, 2021), while 35 reached that goal as of October 31, 2021. Jurisdictions in the lowest quartile of vaccination coverage (44.9%-54.9%) had the greatest absolute (9.7%-17.9%) and relative (18.1%-39.8%) percentage increase in vaccination coverage during July 1-October 31, 2021. Of those who received the first dose during this period across all jurisdictions, nearly 1 in 5 missed the second dose.
Although COVID-19 vaccination initiation increased during July 1-October 31, 2021, in jurisdictions in the lowest quartile of vaccination coverage, coverage remained below that of jurisdictions in the highest quartile of vaccination coverage before the Delta variant surge. Efforts are needed to improve access to and increase confidence in COVID-19 vaccines, especially in low-coverage areas.
2021 年夏，随着 SARS-CoV-2 德尔塔变异株的出现，美国与 COVID-19 相关的住院人数有所增加。我们根据变异株出现前的管辖区域疫苗接种覆盖率评估了 COVID-19 疫苗接种启动和完成情况在德尔塔变异株出现期间的变化。
我们分析了向美国疾病控制与预防中心报告的 COVID-19 疫苗接种数据。我们将各司法管辖区（50 个州和哥伦比亚特区）分为四分位数，根据截至 2021 年 6 月 30 日 12 岁及以上人群的第一剂疫苗接种覆盖率从高到低进行分类。我们计算了截至 2021 年 6 月 30 日和 10 月 31 日的第一剂疫苗接种覆盖率，并按四分位数、年龄（12-17 岁、18-64 岁、65 岁及以上）和性别对覆盖率进行分层。我们评估了已启动两剂疫苗接种系列的人群中完成两剂接种的情况。
在 51 个司法管辖区中，有 15 个在德尔塔变异株出现前（即截至 2021 年 6 月 30 日）达到至少 70%的疫苗接种覆盖率，而 35 个在 2021 年 10 月 31 日达到该目标。疫苗接种覆盖率处于最低四分位数（44.9%-54.9%）的司法管辖区在 2021 年 7 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日期间，疫苗接种覆盖率的绝对（9.7%-17.9%）和相对（18.1%-39.8%）增幅最大。在所有司法管辖区内，在此期间接种第一剂疫苗的人群中，近 1/5 的人错过了第二剂疫苗。
尽管在 2021 年 7 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日期间，在疫苗接种覆盖率处于最低四分位数的司法管辖区，COVID-19 疫苗接种启动有所增加，但覆盖率仍低于变异株出现前疫苗接种覆盖率处于最高四分位数的司法管辖区。需要努力改善 COVID-19 疫苗的可及性并增强其信心，尤其是在低覆盖率地区。
