Huber-Spitzy V, Steinkogler F J, Haselberger C
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1987 May;190(5):445-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1050431.
The most common cause of congenital dacryostenosis is the persistence of Hasner's membrane, which in more than 90% of cases perforates during the first 4 to 6 weeks. If no perforation occurs, the tears gather in the lacrimal duct and lacrimal sac until the system is full and an inflammation starts. Formerly, dacryocystitis neonatorum was caused mainly by gram-positive cocci, in particular Streptococcus Pneumoniae; the primary cause now, in consequence of the abuse of antibiotics, are the gram-negative enterobacteriaceae. The most common agent still is Staphylococcus, which is becoming more and more resistant to gentamycin (26.5%). During the past 3 years 64 infants have been examined at the Second Eye Clinic of Vienna University. Smears were taken from the purulent discharge and tested in the usual microbiological way. The study shows the importance of exact diagnosis and specific therapy.
先天性泪道狭窄最常见的原因是哈氏膜持续存在，超过90%的病例会在出生后的4至6周内自行穿破。若未发生穿破，泪液会在泪小管和泪囊中积聚，直至泪道系统充满并引发炎症。过去，新生儿泪囊炎主要由革兰氏阳性球菌引起，尤其是肺炎链球菌；如今，由于抗生素的滥用，主要病因已变为革兰氏阴性肠杆菌科细菌。最常见的病原体仍是葡萄球菌，且对庆大霉素的耐药性越来越高（26.5%）。在过去3年里，维也纳大学第二眼科诊所对64名婴儿进行了检查。从脓性分泌物中取样，并按常规微生物学方法进行检测。该研究表明了准确诊断和特异性治疗的重要性。
