Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí.
Hospital Univeristario Parc Taulí.
Nutr Hosp. 2022 Dec 20;39(6):1205-1211. doi: 10.20960/nh.04076.
.Background: maternal obesity is associated with an increase of both maternal and fetal complications as macrosomia. Aim: to assess the quality of diet in a cohort of pregnant women in terms of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and to examine the association between diet quality, obesity, weight gain and fetal growth and perinatal complications. Methods: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) was applied to assess diet quality in 542 pregnant women. Fetal biometric measurements at third-trimester ultrasound were collected and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Results: only 35 % of pregnant women presented a good quality of diet, in terms of adherence to MD. Diet quality significantly increased with lower values of body mass index (BMI) and higher maternal age. Higher BMI was significantly associated with a higher abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight at the third trimester, a higher risk of hypertension disorder, induction of labor and a higher birthweight. A statistically significant association between diet quality and ultranosographic measures or perinatal outcome was not found. However, a higher weight gain across gestation was significantly associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes, a higher gestational age at delivery and a higher birthweight. Conclusion: most of our pregnant women did not showed a great diet quality, but there was no evidence that diet quality affected pregnancy complications. On the contrary, pre-pregnancy BMI was related to fetal and neonatal growth and obstetric outcomes, similarly to weight gain across gestation.
母体肥胖与母体和胎儿并发症的增加有关，例如巨大儿。目的：评估一组孕妇的饮食质量，评估其对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性，并研究饮食质量、肥胖、体重增加与胎儿生长和围产期并发症之间的关系。方法：对 542 名孕妇应用地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）评估饮食质量。收集孕晚期超声胎儿生物测量值，并记录围产期结局。结果：只有 35%的孕妇饮食质量良好，即符合 MD 饮食。饮食质量随着较低的体重指数（BMI）和较高的母亲年龄而显著增加。较高的 BMI 与孕晚期更高的腹围和估计胎儿体重、更高的高血压疾病风险、引产和更高的出生体重显著相关。饮食质量与超声测量值或围产期结局之间没有统计学显著关联。然而，整个孕期体重增加较高与妊娠期糖尿病风险增加、分娩时的孕龄更高和出生体重更高显著相关。结论：我们大多数孕妇的饮食质量都不是很好，但没有证据表明饮食质量会影响妊娠并发症。相反，孕前 BMI 与胎儿和新生儿的生长以及产科结局有关，与整个孕期的体重增加相似。
