Mama Sambo Sahadatou, Akutse Komivi Senyo, du Plessis Hannalene, Aigbedion-Atalor Pascal Osa, Mohamed Samira Abuelgasim, Ndlela Shepard
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya.
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Sep 6;11(9):1323. doi: 10.3390/biology11091323.
The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach have been widely promoted and used for the management of native and invasive pests, while the use of various components of the IPM can have a synergetic, additive, or antagonistic effect on each other; this study evaluated the susceptibility of (Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to the (Metschnikoff) ICIPE 20 through direct and indirect infection approaches. The effect of fungus on parasitoid longevity, survival of parasitized-larvae, preference of the parasitoid to fungal treated and untreated larvae, and percent parasitism of (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under different infection scenarios were assessed. The direct application of dry conidia to the parasitoid prior to exposure to the host, reduced longevity, though the infected female wasps still yielded high parasitism (over 70%). Infecting the parasitized larvae at different ages led to a respective reduction of parasitoid emergence by 35% and 23% for infection at 1 and 5 days post-parasitisation. Exposure of healthy- adults to a plant-sprayed with fungus did not affect their longevity, and no discriminatory host selection was observed. The highest mortality (~80%) of . was achieved when . and . ICIPE 20 were used in combination, indicating an additive impact on the target pest; however, field validation can shed more light on this outcome.
综合虫害管理（IPM）方法已被广泛推广并用于本地和入侵害虫的管理，而IPM各组成部分的使用可能对彼此产生协同、相加或拮抗作用；本研究通过直接和间接感染方法评估了（马什）（膜翅目：茧蜂科）对（梅奇尼科夫）ICIPE 20的易感性。评估了在不同感染情况下，真菌对寄生蜂寿命、被寄生幼虫的存活率、寄生蜂对经真菌处理和未经处理幼虫的偏好以及（迈里克）（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）的寄生率的影响。在寄生蜂接触宿主之前直接将干燥分生孢子应用于寄生蜂，会缩短其寿命，不过受感染的雌蜂仍有较高的寄生率（超过70%）。在寄生后1天和5天感染不同龄期的被寄生幼虫，分别导致寄生蜂羽化率降低35%和23%。将健康成虫暴露于喷洒了真菌的植物上，并未影响其寿命，且未观察到有区分性的宿主选择。当（此处原文缺失相关内容）和ICIPE 20联合使用时，（此处原文缺失相关内容）的死亡率最高（约80%），表明对目标害虫有相加作用；然而，实地验证可以更清楚地说明这一结果。
