Sartini Marina, Carbone Alessio, Demartini Alice, Giribone Luana, Oliva Martino, Spagnolo Anna Maria, Cremonesi Paolo, Canale Francesco, Cristina Maria Luisa
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Operating Unit (S.S.D. U.O.) Hospital Hygiene, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;10(9):1625. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10091625.
Overcrowding in Emergency Departments (EDs) is a phenomenon that is now widespread globally and causes a significant negative impact that goes on to affect the entire hospital. This contributes to a number of consequences that can affect both the number of resources available and the quality of care. Overcrowding is due to a number of factors that in most cases lead to an increase in the number of people within the ED, an increase in mortality and morbidity, and a decrease in the ability to provide critical services in a timely manner to patients suffering from medical emergencies. This phenomenon results in the Emergency Department reaching, and in some cases exceeding, its optimal capacity. In this review, the main causes and consequences involving this phenomenon were collected, including the effect caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in recent years. Finally, special attention was paid to the main operational strategies that have been developed over the years, strategies that can be applied both at the ED level (microlevel strategies) and at the hospital level (macrolevel strategies).
急诊科拥挤是一种目前在全球广泛存在的现象，会造成重大负面影响，进而影响整个医院。这会导致一系列后果，既会影响可用资源的数量，也会影响护理质量。拥挤是由多种因素造成的，在大多数情况下，这些因素会导致急诊科内人数增加、死亡率和发病率上升，以及及时为患有医疗急症的患者提供关键服务的能力下降。这种现象导致急诊科达到甚至在某些情况下超过其最佳容量。在本综述中，收集了涉及这一现象的主要原因和后果，包括近年来严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒造成的影响。最后，特别关注了多年来制定的主要运营策略，这些策略既可以在急诊科层面（微观层面策略）应用，也可以在医院层面（宏观层面策略）应用。
