Fakih Darine, Migeon Tiffany, Moreau Nathan, Baudouin Christophe, Réaux-Le Goazigo Annabelle, Mélik Parsadaniantz Stéphane
Laboratoires Théa, 12 Rue Louis Blériot, CEDEX 2, 63017 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
CNRS, INSERM, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Sep 2;14(9):1859. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091859.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder in which the eyes respond to minor stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, foreign body sensation, discomfort, irritation, and pain. Corneal pain, as one of DED's main symptoms, has gained recognition due to its increasing prevalence, morbidity, and the resulting social burden. The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the body, and the maintenance of corneal integrity relies on a rich density of nociceptors, such as polymodal nociceptor neurons, cold thermoreceptor neurons, and mechano-nociceptor neurons. Their sensory responses to different stimulating forces are linked to the specific expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a group of unique ion channels that play important roles as cellular sensors for various stimuli. These channels are nonselective cation channels with variable Ca selectivity. TRP homologs are a superfamily of 28 different members that are subdivided into 7 different subfamilies based on differences in sequence homology. Many of these subtypes are expressed in the eye on both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, where they affect various stress-induced regulatory responses essential for normal vision maintenance. This article reviews the current knowledge about the expression, function, and regulation of TRPs in ocular surface tissues. We also describe their implication in DED and ocular pain. These findings contribute to evidence suggesting that drug-targeting TRP channels may be of therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting of ocular pain.
干眼疾病（DED）是一种多因素疾病，在此疾病中眼睛会对轻微刺激产生异常感觉，如干涩、视物模糊、异物感、不适感、刺激感和疼痛感。角膜疼痛作为DED的主要症状之一，因其患病率、发病率不断上升以及由此产生的社会负担而受到关注。角膜是人体中神经支配最丰富的组织，角膜完整性的维持依赖于丰富的伤害感受器，如多模式伤害感受器神经元、冷觉感受器神经元和机械性伤害感受器神经元。它们对不同刺激力的感觉反应与瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道的特定表达有关。TRP通道是一组独特的离子通道，作为各种刺激的细胞传感器发挥重要作用。这些通道是具有可变钙选择性的非选择性阳离子通道。TRP同源物是一个由28个不同成员组成的超家族，根据序列同源性的差异分为7个不同的亚家族。这些亚型中的许多在眼睛的神经元和非神经元细胞中均有表达，在这些细胞中它们影响正常视力维持所必需的各种应激诱导的调节反应。本文综述了目前关于TRP在眼表组织中的表达、功能和调节的知识。我们还描述了它们在DED和眼痛中的作用。这些发现为以下证据提供了支持，即靶向TRP通道的药物在眼痛的临床治疗中可能具有治疗益处。
