Gez E, Warner-Efraty E, Ben-Yosef R, Ben-Baruch N, Yitzhaki N, Uziely B, Brufman G, Biran S
Oncology. 1987;44(4):237-9. doi: 10.1159/000226485.
Forty-six outpatients with breast cancer who had experienced severe emesis as a result of chemotherapy were evaluated for the antiemetic efficacy of high-dose metoclopramide (HD-MCP) and dexamethasone (DXM). Chemotherapy consisted of: cyclophosphamide 600, methotrexate 40 and 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 (CMF) given intravenously every 3 weeks. The dosage of antiemetic drugs was MCP 2 mg/kg and DXM 0.2 mg/kg given by slow intravenous drip 0.5 h before the administration of chemotherapy. 138 courses of combined chemotherapy--HD-MCP and DXM--were administered, with a mean of 3 courses and a range of 1-10 courses per patient. Complete protection--no nausea and no vomiting--was achieved in 17.7% of the courses. Partial protection--no vomiting with mild nausea or 1-3 episodes of vomiting--in 45.3% of the courses. The total antiemetic efficacy was 63%. The most common side effects were: drowsiness, dry mouth, restlessness and diarrhea. Sixteen patients (35%) refused to continue the antiemetic regimen because of the side effects. HD-MCP and DXM have antiemetic efficacy, but because of these side effects, further studies are required to determine the optimal dose of each of these drugs.
对46例因化疗出现严重呕吐的乳腺癌门诊患者，评估了高剂量甲氧氯普胺（HD-MCP）和地塞米松（DXM）的止吐疗效。化疗方案为：每3周静脉注射环磷酰胺600mg、甲氨蝶呤40mg和5-氟尿嘧啶600mg/m²（CMF）。止吐药物剂量为化疗前0.5小时静脉缓慢滴注MCP 2mg/kg和DXM 0.2mg/kg。共进行了138个疗程的联合化疗（HD-MCP和DXM），每位患者平均3个疗程，范围为1至10个疗程。17.7%的疗程实现了完全保护（无恶心和呕吐）。45.3%的疗程实现了部分保护（无呕吐但有轻度恶心或1至3次呕吐发作）。总止吐有效率为63%。最常见的副作用为：嗜睡、口干、烦躁不安和腹泻。16例患者（35%）因副作用拒绝继续止吐方案。HD-MCP和DXM具有止吐疗效，但由于这些副作用，需要进一步研究以确定每种药物的最佳剂量。
