Mohan Divya K, Nandhini K, Raavi Venkateswarlu, Perumal Venkatachalam
Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar 563 103, Karnataka, India.
World J Radiol. 2022 Jul 28;14(7):219-228. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v14.i7.219.
Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect both animals and humans. Even though the existence of coronavirus and its infection to humans is not new, the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) caused a major burden to individuals and society , anxiety, fear of infection, extreme competition for hospitalization, and more importantly financial liability. The nCoV infection/disease diagnosis was based on non-specific signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, detection of the virus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and X-ray-based imaging. This review focuses on the consolidation of potentials of X-ray-based imaging modality [chest-X radiography (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT)] and low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for screening, severity, and management of COVID-19 disease. Reported studies suggest that CXR contributed significantly toward initial rapid screening/diagnosis and CT- imaging to monitor the disease severity. The chest CT has high sensitivity up to 98% and low specificity for diagnosis and severity of COVID-19 disease compared to RT-PCR. Similarly, LDRT compliments drug therapy in the early recovery/Less hospital stays by maintaining the physiological parameters better than the drug therapy alone. All the results undoubtedly demonstrated the evidence that X-ray-based technology continues to evolve and play a significant role in human health care even during the pandemic.
冠状病毒是一类能感染动物和人类的多种病毒。尽管冠状病毒的存在及其对人类的感染并非新鲜事，但2019新型冠状病毒（nCoV）给个人和社会带来了重大负担，包括焦虑、对感染的恐惧、住院的激烈竞争，更重要的是经济负担。nCoV感染/疾病的诊断基于非特异性体征和症状、生化参数、使用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测病毒以及基于X射线的成像。本综述重点阐述基于X射线的成像方式[胸部X线摄影（CXR）和胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）]以及低剂量放射治疗（LDRT）在COVID-19疾病筛查、严重程度评估和管理方面的潜力整合。已报道的研究表明，CXR对初始快速筛查/诊断有显著贡献，而CT成像用于监测疾病严重程度。与RT-PCR相比，胸部CT对COVID-19疾病诊断和严重程度的敏感性高达98%，但特异性较低。同样，LDRT通过比单纯药物治疗更好地维持生理参数，在早期康复/缩短住院时间方面辅助药物治疗。所有结果无疑证明，即使在大流行期间，基于X射线的技术仍在不断发展，并在人类医疗保健中发挥着重要作用。
