Szeto Edwin H, Ammendola Ennio, Starkey Austin, Hay Jarrod, McClung James G, Bryan Craig J
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2023 Mar 1;211(3):226-232. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001592. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
Suicide risk factors such as hopelessness and psychiatric disorders can predict suicide ideation (SI) but cannot distinguish between those with SI and those who attempt suicide (SA). The fluid vulnerability theory of suicide posits that a person's activation of the suicidal mode is predicated on one's predisposition, triggers, and baseline/acute risks. This study compared guilt, shame, self-anger, and suicidal beliefs based on recent SI and lifetime SA. In a total of 2222 primary care patients in this cross-sectional, observational study reported no recent SI or lifetime SA (SI-SA-), 161 reported recent SI only (SI-SA+), 145 reported lifetime SA only (SI+SA-), and 56 reported both recent SI and lifetime SA (SI+SA+). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the four risk factors were the highest for SI+SA+, followed by SI+SA-, then SI-SA+, and lastly SI-SA-. The study shows that risk factors may be worse in those with recent SI than those with SA history.
绝望和精神疾病等自杀风险因素可以预测自杀意念（SI），但无法区分有自杀意念者和自杀未遂者（SA）。自杀的动态易感性理论认为，一个人进入自杀状态取决于其易感性、触发因素以及基线/急性风险。本研究基于近期的自杀意念和终生自杀未遂情况，对内疚、羞耻、自我愤怒和自杀信念进行了比较。在这项横断面观察性研究中，共有2222名初级保健患者报告近期无自杀意念且无终生自杀未遂经历（SI-SA-），161名仅报告近期有自杀意念（SI-SA+），145名仅报告有终生自杀未遂经历（SI+SA-），56名既报告近期有自杀意念又有终生自杀未遂经历（SI+SA+）。Kruskal-Wallis检验显示，这四个风险因素在SI+SA+组中最高，其次是SI+SA-组，然后是SI-SA+组，最后是SI-SA-组。该研究表明，近期有自杀意念者的风险因素可能比有自杀未遂史者更严重。
