Bogolepova A N, Makhnovich E V, Kovalenko E A, Osinovskaya N A
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2022;122(9):7-14. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20221220917.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain, in which there are cognitive and behavioral disorders, but also visual impairment can occur. Deposits of beta-amyloid (Aβ) were also found in the retina of AD patients. At the same time, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) occupies the first place among geronto-ophthalmic pathologies in patients with AD. POAG, like AD, is a neurodegenerative disease. AD and POAG have common symptoms, and therefore several common principles for their early diagnosis can be developed. Therefore, a promising direction is the search for biomarkers for the early detection of AD and POAG. Currently, the diagnosis of early AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and biomarkers in the brain (imaging of amyloid plaques and tau positron emission tomography) are well studied, while data in literature on using these biomarkers in patients with POAG is scarce. However, the above diagnostic methods are not considered in routine clinical practice due to their invasiveness and high cost. There is a growing need for conventional, affordable biomarkers for AD and POAG, as it is necessary to start treatment of prodromal conditions from symptoms to onset of symptoms. In this connection, biomarkers such as Aβ and tau protein in blood serum and plasma are actively evaluated in patients with AD. In patients with POAG, there is no published data on studies of these biomarkers, which requires scientific research. Many authors discover the role of sirtuins (SIRT) in aging and age-related diseases, such as AD, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and others. Possibly, SIRT could become potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性脑部神经退行性疾病，患者会出现认知和行为障碍，还可能出现视力损害。在AD患者的视网膜中也发现了β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积。同时，原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）在AD患者的老年眼科疾病中位居首位。POAG与AD一样，是一种神经退行性疾病。AD和POAG有共同症状，因此可以制定一些共同的早期诊断原则。所以，一个有前景的方向是寻找用于早期检测AD和POAG的生物标志物。目前，脑脊液中早期AD生物标志物以及脑部生物标志物（淀粉样斑块成像和tau正电子发射断层扫描）的诊断研究得很充分，而关于在POAG患者中使用这些生物标志物的文献数据却很少。然而，由于上述诊断方法具有侵入性且成本高，在常规临床实践中未被采用。对于AD和POAG，越来越需要传统的、经济实惠的生物标志物，因为有必要从症状出现前就开始治疗前驱症状。就此而言，血清和血浆中的Aβ和tau蛋白等生物标志物正在AD患者中得到积极评估。在POAG患者中，关于这些生物标志物的研究尚无已发表的数据，这需要进行科学研究。许多作者发现了沉默调节蛋白（SIRT）在衰老及与年龄相关疾病（如AD、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性等）中的作用。SIRT可能会成为神经退行性疾病的潜在生物标志物。
