Rana B K, Jha S K, Molla Samim, Kulkarni M S
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Sep 28;194(11):837. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10501-1.
In the current survey, different hydrogeochemical processes governing the geochemistry of aquifers, the usefulness of groundwater for regular consumption, and agricultural purposes were evaluated around the Tummalapalle area. One hundred forty-four borehole locations were chosen to characterize the major physicochemical components of the aquifer water. The analysis results of pH inferred that the groundwater is nominally acidic to basic, and pH ranged from 6.6 to 8.4. The average concentrations of TDS, Ca, Mg, total hardness (TH), HCO, and total alkalinity (TA) are within the allowable limits of potable water quality as prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and WHO. However, the average concentrations of Na, K, Cl, and SO were all below the permissible limit. All samples were analyzed with the help of Piper and Chadha charts to determine the dominant hydrogeochemical components of groundwater. The dominance of cations in groundwater in this region is in the sequence of Ca > Na > Mg > K, followed by anions HCO > Cl > SO. The Gibbs plot analysis suggested the predominance of rock aquifer interaction as the major hydrogeochemical process governing groundwater geochemistry in this region. The water quality index (WQI) of all groundwater samples in the Tummalapalle region was estimated, with 55% of the samples being potable grade. The different irrigation indices were analyzed for the groundwater samples to estimate their desirability for agriculture. The maximum number of water samples was found to be well-suited for cultivation.
在本次调查中，对图马拉帕勒地区周围控制含水层地球化学的不同水文地球化学过程、地下水用于日常饮用和农业目的的适用性进行了评估。选择了144个钻孔位置来表征含水层水的主要物理化学组分。pH值的分析结果表明，地下水呈弱酸性至碱性，pH值范围为6.6至8.4。总溶解固体（TDS）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、总硬度（TH）、碳酸氢根（HCO）和总碱度（TA）的平均浓度均在印度标准局（BIS）和世界卫生组织规定的饮用水水质允许限值范围内。然而，钠（Na）、钾（K）、氯（Cl）和硫酸根（SO）的平均浓度均低于允许限值。借助派珀图和查达图对所有样品进行分析，以确定地下水的主要水文地球化学组分。该地区地下水中阳离子的优势顺序为Ca ＞ Na ＞ Mg ＞ K，其次是阴离子HCO ＞ Cl ＞ SO。吉布斯图分析表明，岩石 - 含水层相互作用是控制该地区地下水地球化学的主要水文地球化学过程。估算了图马拉帕勒地区所有地下水样品的水质指数（WQI），其中55%的样品为饮用水等级。对地下水样品的不同灌溉指标进行了分析，以评估其对农业的适宜性。发现最大数量的水样非常适合灌溉。
