Evoy Richard, Hystad Perry, Bae Harold, Kincl Laurel
Environmental and Occupational Health Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA.
Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA.
Health Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 15;5(5):e820. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.820. eCollection 2022 Sep.
As average temperatures rise and wildfire events increase in the United States, outdoor workers may be at an increased risk of injury. Recent research suggests that heat exposure increases outdoor workers' risk of traumatic injuries, but co-exposures of heat and wildfire smoke have not been evaluated.
Oregon workers' compensation data from 2009 to 2018 were linked to satellite data by the date of injury to determine if acute heat (maximum Heat Index) and wildfire smoke (presence/absence) were associated with a traumatic injury. North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes were utilized to identify accepted, disabling injury claims from construction (NAICS 23) and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (NAICS 11). Claims from April to October were analyzed using negative binomial models to calculate incident rate ratios (IRR) by heat and wildfire exposure for All workers and specifically for Agricultural (Ag)/Construction workers.
During the study period, 91,895 accepted, traumatic injury claims were analyzed. All workers had an injury IRR of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.06) while Ag/Construction workers had an IRR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06-1.16) when wildfire smoke was present. When the maximum Heat Index was 75°F or greater, the IRR significantly increased as temperatures increased. When the maximum Heat Index was above 80-84°F, All workers had an IRR of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01-1.06) while Ag/construction workers had an IRR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.21) with risk increasing with increased temperatures. In joint models, heat remained associated with injury rates, but not wildfire smoke. No multiplicative interactions between exposures were observed.
Increasing temperature was associated with increased rates of traumatic injury claims in Oregon that were more pronounced in Ag/Construction workers. Future work should focus on further understanding these associations and effective injury prevention strategies.
随着美国平均气温上升和野火事件增多，户外工作者受伤风险可能增加。近期研究表明，热暴露会增加户外工作者遭受创伤性损伤的风险，但热与野火烟雾的共同暴露情况尚未得到评估。
将2009年至2018年俄勒冈州的工人赔偿数据按受伤日期与卫星数据关联起来，以确定急性热（最高热指数）和野火烟雾（存在与否）是否与创伤性损伤有关。利用北美行业分类系统（NAICS）代码来识别建筑行业（NAICS 23）以及农业、林业、渔业和狩猎业（NAICS 11）中已受理的、导致伤残的工伤索赔。对4月至10月的索赔数据采用负二项式模型进行分析，以计算所有工人以及特定农业/建筑工人因热暴露和野火暴露的发病率比（IRR）。
在研究期间，共分析了91,895例已受理的创伤性损伤索赔。当存在野火烟雾时，所有工人的受伤发病率比为1.04（95%置信区间[CI]：1.02 - 1.06），而农业/建筑工人的发病率比为1.11（95% CI：1.06 - 1.16）。当最高热指数为75°F或更高时，发病率比随温度升高而显著增加。当最高热指数高于80 - 84°F时，所有工人的发病率比为1.04（95% CI：1.01 - 1.06），而农业/建筑工人的发病率比为1.14（95% CI：1.08 - 1.21），风险随温度升高而增加。在联合模型中，热仍与受伤率相关，但野火烟雾与受伤率无关。未观察到暴露之间的相乘交互作用。
在俄勒冈州，气温升高与创伤性损伤索赔率增加有关，这在农业/建筑工人中更为明显。未来的工作应集中在进一步理解这些关联以及有效的伤害预防策略上。
