Harzmann R
Z Hautkr. 1987 May 1;62(9):665-76, 681-2.
The early diagnosis of primary urogenital tumors shows varying efficacy regarding the various tumor types. While the urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis, the ureter and the bladder reveal early symptoms such as hematuria hypernephroma, urethral carcinoma and carcinomas of the prostate and the testes remain clinically silent for a long time. Thus early diagnosis of carcinomas of the prostate or the testes might only be made by palpation at best. Aside from cytologic examination of the urinary tract, there are no other laboratory techniques at hand to give clear evidence of early tumor stages. The possibilities of early recognition of hypernephroma, carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or urethra, and carcinomas of the penis, testes, and prostate are demonstrated and compared with each other in respect of their specificity.
原发性泌尿生殖系统肿瘤的早期诊断对于不同类型的肿瘤显示出不同的效果。肾盂、输尿管和膀胱的尿路上皮肿瘤会出现血尿等早期症状,而肾细胞癌、尿道癌以及前列腺癌和睾丸癌在很长一段时间内临床上并无症状。因此,前列腺癌或睾丸癌的早期诊断最多只能通过触诊来进行。除了对尿路进行细胞学检查外,目前没有其他实验室技术能够明确证明肿瘤处于早期阶段。本文展示了肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌、尿道癌、阴茎癌、睾丸癌和前列腺癌的早期识别可能性,并就其特异性进行了相互比较。