Lund Liaquat Ali, Lashin Maha M A, Yashkun Ubaidullah, Guedri Kamel, Khan Sami Ullah, Khan M Ijaz, Bafakeeh Omar T, Kumam Poom
School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 30;12(1):16447. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20974-2.
Following to improved thermal impact of hybrid nanomaterials, wide range applications of such materials is observed in the thermal engineering, extrusion systems, solar energy, power generation, heat transfer devices etc. The hybrid nanofluid is a modified form of nanofluid which is beneficial for improving energy transfer efficiency. In current analysis, the solid nanoparticles aluminium ([Formula: see text]) and copper ([Formula: see text]) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofluid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of the resultant hybrid nanofluid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple software. The obtained numerical results such as coefficient of skin friction [Formula: see text], heat transfer rate [Formula: see text], velocity [Formula: see text] and temperature [Formula: see text] distributions are presented in the form of different graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter [Formula: see text] in assisting flow case. Due to non-uniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.
随着混合纳米材料热性能的改善，此类材料在热工程、挤压系统、太阳能、发电、传热装置等领域有广泛应用。混合纳米流体是纳米流体的一种改良形式，有利于提高能量传递效率。在当前分析中，将固体纳米颗粒铝（[公式：见原文]）和铜（[公式：见原文]）与水混合以制备一种新型混合纳米流体。对所得混合纳米流体在多孔、磁场、热辐射、速度和热滑移条件下，在垂直指数收缩表面上的稳态二维混合对流边界层流动进行了研究。采用指数相似变量将非线性偏微分方程转化为常微分方程组，然后在Maple软件中用打靶法求解。所获得的数值结果，如表面摩擦系数[公式：见原文]、传热率[公式：见原文]、速度[公式：见原文]和温度[公式：见原文]分布，以不同图形的形式呈现。结果表明，在辅助流情况下，当抽吸参数[公式：见原文]时，解中存在对偶性。由于解的非唯一性，需要进行时间稳定性分析，结果表明与下分支相比，上分支是稳定且可实现的。
